Jones J, McFall W T
J Periodontol. 1977 Jan;48(1):21-6. doi: 10.1902/jop.1977.48.1.21.
An apparatus was developed that was found suitable for measuring gingival color in terms of reflectance at 6328 A. A total of 445 readings were taken on 95 Caucasian subjects in order to determine certain properties of healthy gingival color. It was determined that: 1. Healthy adult gingival color ranged in reflectance from 17% to 45% of the magnesium oxide standard, with a mean of 32%. 2. Gingival color of children was lighter than that of adults. The reflectance of children's gingiva ranged from 31% to 43%, with a mean of 35%. 3. Gingival color did not vary with the sex of the individual. 4. Gingival color was lighter in individuals with blonde hair than in individuals with brown hair. 5. Gingival color was darker in individuals with darker eye color. 6. Gingival color was lighter in individuals with geographic origins that are commonly related to lighter complexions. 7. Gingival color did not vary with age, within the adult range covered in this study. 8. Gingival color did not vary with the following physiological and physical factors: menstrual period, use of oral contraceptives, smoking habits, moistness or dryness of the gingiva, which side was measured, time of day, or time after toothbrushing, smoking a cigarette, eating an apple, or drinking a hot beverage.
研制出了一种仪器，发现它适用于测量牙龈在6328埃处的反射率来确定牙龈颜色。为了确定健康牙龈颜色的某些特性，对95名白种人受试者共进行了445次读数测量。结果确定：1. 健康成年人牙龈颜色的反射率范围为氧化镁标准的17%至45%，平均为32%。2. 儿童的牙龈颜色比成年人浅。儿童牙龈的反射率范围为31%至43%，平均为35%。3. 牙龈颜色不随个体性别而变化。4. 金发个体的牙龈颜色比棕发个体浅。5. 眼睛颜色较深的个体牙龈颜色较深。6. 祖籍通常与肤色较浅相关的个体牙龈颜色较浅。7. 在本研究涵盖的成年人范围内，牙龈颜色不随年龄变化。8. 牙龈颜色不随以下生理和身体因素而变化：月经期、口服避孕药的使用、吸烟习惯、牙龈的湿润或干燥、测量的是哪一侧、一天中的时间、刷牙、吸烟、吃苹果或喝热饮后的时间。
