Kawada Ricardo, Lanes Geane O, Azevedo Celso O
Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2015 Oct 14;10(10):e0140051. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140051. eCollection 2015.
Some authors in the past based their conclusions about the limits of the metapostnotum of Chrysidoidea based on the position of the mesophragmo-metaphragmal muscle, rather than aspects of the skeleton and musculature associated with the metapectal-propodeal complex. The latter character system suggests another interpretation of the metapostnotum delimitation. Given this scenario, the main goal of this work is to present a new perspective on the metapostnotum in Chrysidoidea, especially Bethylidae, helping to resolve questions related to the evolution of the metapostnotum. This is based on homologies established by associating of insertion points of ph2-ph3 and ph3-T2 muscles with the delimitation of the respective sclerite the muscles insert into. Our results indicate that, according the position of the metaphragmal muscles, the metapostnotum in Bethylidae is medially expanded in the propodeal disc and has different forms of configuration. Internally, the limits of the metapostnotum can be tracked by the shape of the mesopostnotum, and vice versa. Thus, the anteromedian area of the propodeal disc sensu Evans was reinterpreted in the current study as the metapostnotum. In conjunction with associated structures, we provide evidence to clarify the relationships between the families within Chrysidoidea, although certain families like Embolemidae, Dryinidae and Chrysididae exhibit extreme modifications of the condition found in Aculeata, as observed in Bethylidae. We review the terminology used to describe anatomical features on the metapectal-propodeal complex in Bethylidae in general, and provide a list of recommended terms in accordance with the online Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology. The morphology of the studied subfamilies are illustrated. Studies that focus on a single structure, across a larger number of taxa, are more insightful and present specific questions that can contribute to broader issues, thus providing a better understanding of the morphology and evolution of insects.
过去，一些作者基于中膈-后膈肌的位置来推断青蜂科后胸背板的界限，而不是依据与前胸背板-并胸腹节复合体相关的骨骼和肌肉特征。后一种特征系统为后胸背板的界定提供了另一种解释。鉴于此情况，本研究的主要目的是提出关于青蜂科，特别是肿腿蜂科后胸背板的新观点，以帮助解决与后胸背板进化相关的问题。这是基于通过将ph2-ph3和ph3-T2肌肉的插入点与这些肌肉所插入的相应骨片的界限相关联而建立的同源关系。我们的结果表明，根据后膈肌的位置，肿腿蜂科的后胸背板在并胸腹节盘处向内侧扩展，且具有不同的形态构型。在内部，后胸背板的界限可以通过中胸背板的形状来追踪，反之亦然。因此，在本研究中，埃文斯所定义的并胸腹节盘的前中位区域被重新解释为后胸背板。结合相关结构，我们提供证据以阐明青蜂科内各属之间的关系，尽管像蚁形蜂科、螯蜂科和青蜂科等某些科表现出与肿腿蜂科中观察到的针尾部情况极端不同的形态变化。我们总体回顾了用于描述肿腿蜂科前胸背板-并胸腹节复合体解剖特征的术语，并根据在线膜翅目解剖学本体提供了推荐术语列表。文中还对所研究亚科的形态进行了图示说明。专注于单个结构、涉及大量类群的研究更具洞察力，并能提出有助于解决更广泛问题的具体问题，从而能更好地理解昆虫的形态和进化。
