Bertini M A, Fushita A T, Lima M I S
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, BR.
Laboratório de Análise e Planejamento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, BR.
Braz J Biol. 2015 Aug;75(3):709-17. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.21713. Epub 2015 Aug 25.
Vegetation coverage can be inappropriately used, especially in the absence of proper planning, and can result in a reduction of the occupied area. Demographic and economic alterations are factors that contribute to the degradation of vegetation coverage in landscape units. In addition, because vegetation is essential for protection of recharge areas in aquifers, the fragmentation of habitats in hydrographic basins causes changes in climate temperature, soil erosion, eutrophication, and siltation of watercourses. This study analyzed the vegetation coverage from the municipality of São Carlos, State of São Paulo (SP) to assess the environmental quality of water resources in the hydrographic basins and sub-basins, in the Guarani Aquifer System. The vegetation coverage was analyzed in three scales: municipality, Hydric Resource Management Units (UGRHIs), and hydrographic sub-basins based on map overlapping from the LAPA/UFSCar Digital Cartographic Collection and visual interpretation of LANDSAT 5, TM sensor, Path 220, row 075 on satellite images. The municipality of São Carlos has vegetation coverage of 31,776.4 hectares, in which 57% is classified as preserved vegetation typology, and 58% is over the Guarani aquifer recharge area. The vegetation coverage with savannas, riparian forests, and mesophyll forests represented 28% of the total studied area and is located over 28.3% of the Guarani aquifer recharge area extension. The Permanent preservation areas (PPAs) represent 21.6% of the total vegetation coverage with 51% of it being vegetated. The municipality has a total of 686 springs (Topographic maps of IBGE, escale 1:50,000) distributed on an average of 60 springs per km2; 40% of these are protected by vegetation.
植被覆盖可能会被不当利用，尤其是在缺乏合理规划的情况下，这可能导致占用面积减少。人口和经济变化是导致景观单元植被覆盖退化的因素。此外，由于植被对于含水层补给区的保护至关重要，水文流域栖息地的破碎化会导致气候温度变化、土壤侵蚀、富营养化以及水道淤积。本研究分析了圣保罗州圣卡洛斯市的植被覆盖情况，以评估瓜拉尼含水层系统中水文流域和子流域的水资源环境质量。基于LAPA/UFSCar数字制图集的地图叠加以及对卫星图像（陆地卫星5号，TM传感器，路径220，行075）的目视解译，从市、水资源管理单元（UGRHI）和水文子流域三个尺度分析了植被覆盖情况。圣卡洛斯市的植被覆盖面积为31,776.4公顷，其中57%被归类为保留植被类型，58%位于瓜拉尼含水层补给区之上。稀树草原、河岸森林和中叶森林的植被覆盖占研究总面积的28%，位于瓜拉尼含水层补给区延伸范围的28.3%之上。永久保护区（PPA）占植被覆盖总面积的21.6%，其中51%被植被覆盖。该市共有686处泉水（巴西地理统计局地形图，比例尺1:50,000），平均每平方公里分布60处泉水；其中40%受到植被保护。
