Bradbury S P, Coats J R
Rev Environ Contam Toxicol. 1989;108:133-77. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4613-8850-0_4.
The toxic effects elicited by synthetic pyrethroids in animals are varied in degree and nature. Their relative safety to birds and mammals contrasts sharply with their acute effects on fish and arthropods. Explantation of their differences in toxicity depends on examination of all factors of their comparative toxicology. Routes of exposure are important, as are metabolism and elimination rates, especially for mammals and birds with their considerable capabilities for biotransformation. Significant differences in sensitivity at the sites of toxic action may also play a role in differential responses to these insecticides. Finally, physical properties that influence the environmental disposition and subsequently affect bioavailability of the compounds in water, soil, air, produce, and nontarget species are also instrumental in determining the impact of current and future synthetic pyrethroid insecticides.
合成拟除虫菊酯对动物产生的毒性作用在程度和性质上各不相同。它们对鸟类和哺乳动物的相对安全性与其对鱼类和节肢动物的急性影响形成鲜明对比。毒性差异的解释取决于对其比较毒理学所有因素的研究。接触途径很重要，代谢和消除速率也很重要，特别是对于具有相当生物转化能力的哺乳动物和鸟类。毒性作用部位敏感性的显著差异也可能在对这些杀虫剂的不同反应中起作用。最后，影响环境分布并随后影响化合物在水、土壤、空气、农产品和非目标物种中生物可利用性的物理性质，在确定当前和未来合成拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂的影响方面也起着重要作用。
