Camino Lola P, Idnurm Alexander, Cerdá-Olmedo Enrique
Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, E-41080 Sevilla, Spain.
Division of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA.
Fungal Biol. 2015 Nov;119(11):1007-1021. doi: 10.1016/j.funbio.2015.07.005. Epub 2015 Jul 26.
The fungal genus Phycomyces (Mucoromycotina, Mucorales) has been revised by examining 96 strains, received from established collections or newly isolated from different environments. Morphology, sexuality, DNA sequences, and population structure clearly identify the genus and set it apart from other Mucorales. The size of the spores, the sexual interactions, the sequences of genes sexM and sexP that determine sexual identity, and the DNA for ribosomal RNAs validate the species Phycomyces blakesleeanus and Phycomyces nitens and the family Phycomycetaceae. Isolates from the same sample of biomass often differ in spore size, sex, DNA sequences, and restriction-length polymorphisms. The widest diversity was found in similar environments in three of the Canary Islands, implying a failure to disperse rapidly over the sea. All strains have apparently functional sexM and sexP genes and all but some strains of P. nitens complete the sexual cycle in the laboratory. The genetic diversity of P. blakesleeanus strains provides evidence for geographical clustering. Various sequence comparisons, including the newly isolated genes sexM and sexP of P. nitens and Blakeslea trispora, clarify phylogenetic relationships in the Mucorales and recommend the sex genes for the study of speciation.
通过对96株菌株进行研究，对藻状菌属（毛霉亚门，毛霉目）进行了修订。这些菌株来自已有的菌种保藏库或从不同环境中新分离得到。形态学、有性生殖、DNA序列和种群结构明确了该属，并将其与其他毛霉目真菌区分开来。孢子大小、有性相互作用、决定性别的sexM和sexP基因序列以及核糖体RNA的DNA验证了布氏藻状菌和尼特斯藻状菌这两个物种以及藻状菌科。来自同一生物质样本的分离株在孢子大小、性别、DNA序列和限制性片段长度多态性方面往往存在差异。在加那利群岛的三个岛屿的相似环境中发现了最广泛的多样性，这意味着它们未能在海上迅速扩散。所有菌株的sexM和sexP基因显然都具有功能，除了一些尼特斯藻状菌菌株外，所有菌株在实验室中都能完成有性生殖周期。布氏藻状菌菌株的遗传多样性为地理聚类提供了证据。各种序列比较，包括新分离的尼特斯藻状菌和三孢布拉克须霉的sexM和sexP基因，阐明了毛霉目的系统发育关系，并推荐将这些性别基因用于物种形成的研究。
