Darvas Béla, Bánáti Hajnalka, Takács Eszter, Lauber Éva, Szécsi Árpád, Székács András
Plant Protection Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó u. 15., H-1022 Budapest, Hungary.
Insects. 2011 Jan 20;2(1):1-11. doi: 10.3390/insects2010001.
MON 810 maize was developed against Ostrinia nubilalis and is suggested to indirectly decrease Fusarium spp. infestation in maize ears. To evaluate this effect, co-occurrence of insect and fungal pests on MON 810 maize was studied. During 2009, exceptionally high maize ear infestation occurred in Julianna-major (Hungary). From investigation of some thousands of maize ears, the majority of the larval damage originated from Helicoverpa armigera larvae, while O. nubilalis larvae contributed significant damage only at a single plot. Fusarium verticillioides infection appeared only in a small portion (~20-30%) of the insect damaged cobs. H. armigera and O. nubilalis larvae feeding on F. verticillioides mycelia can distribute its conidia with their fecal pellets. MON 810 maize showed 100% efficacy against O. nubilalis in the stem, but lower efficacy against O. nubilalis and H. armigera in maize ears. The ~Cry1Ab toxin content of maize silk, the entry site of H. armigera, was lower than that in the leaves/stem/husk leaves of MON 810. Fusarium-infected MON 810 cobs are rarely found and only after larval damage by O. nubilalis. H. armigera larvae could not tolerate well F. verticillioides infected food and attempted to move out from the infected cobs. For further feeding they re-entered the maize ears through the 8-12 husk leaves, but in the case of the MON 810 variety, they usually could not reach the kernels. Apical damage on cobs resulted in only a minor (about one-tenth of the cob) decrease in yield.
MON 810玉米是针对欧洲玉米螟培育的，据推测它能间接减少玉米穗上镰刀菌属的侵染。为评估这种效果，研究了MON 810玉米上害虫与真菌害虫的共生情况。2009年期间，匈牙利的尤里安娜-马约尔出现了异常严重的玉米穗侵染情况。在对数千个玉米穗进行调查后发现，大部分幼虫造成的损害源自棉铃虫幼虫，而欧洲玉米螟幼虫仅在一个地块造成了显著损害。轮枝镰孢菌感染仅出现在约20%-30%受昆虫损害的玉米棒中。以轮枝镰孢菌菌丝体为食的棉铃虫和欧洲玉米螟幼虫可通过粪便颗粒传播其分生孢子。MON 810玉米在茎部对欧洲玉米螟的防治效果达100%，但在玉米穗上对欧洲玉米螟和棉铃虫的防治效果较低。棉铃虫进入部位玉米花丝中的Cry1Ab毒素含量低于MON 810的叶片/茎/苞叶中的含量。很少发现受镰刀菌感染的MON 810玉米棒，且仅在欧洲玉米螟造成幼虫损害之后出现。棉铃虫幼虫无法很好地耐受受轮枝镰孢菌感染的食物，并试图从受感染的玉米棒中移出。为继续取食，它们会通过8-12片苞叶重新进入玉米穗，但对于MON 810品种，它们通常无法接触到玉米粒。玉米棒顶端的损害仅导致产量略有下降（约为玉米棒的十分之一）。
