Trice H M, Staudenmeier W J
Department of Organizational Behavior, New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853.
Recent Dev Alcohol. 1989;7:11-35. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4899-1678-5_1.
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) has not only helped numerous alcoholics, it has also influenced the current generation's view of, and response to, the alcoholic. This chapter describes the emergence of AA and analyzes its successful growth. During the period of reduced alternatives for helping the alcoholic, AA began and soon flourished, helped by favorable publicity, committed members, and AA publications. We argue that its founder, Bill W., played a crucial role as a charismatic leader and that AA found a unique organizational solution to the problem of charismatic succession, a solution that helped AA maintain growth and stability beyond the life of its founder. This chapter also reviews the social response to AA including early research on AA, the generally favorable response to AA, criticism of AA, and the widespread imitation of AA by other problem area groups.
戒酒互助会（AA）不仅帮助了众多酗酒者，还影响了当代人对酗酒者的看法及应对方式。本章描述了戒酒互助会的兴起，并分析了其成功发展的过程。在帮助酗酒者的途径有限的时期，戒酒互助会借助良好的宣传、忠诚的会员以及戒酒互助会的出版物得以创立并迅速发展。我们认为，其创始人比尔·W. 作为一位具有超凡魅力的领导者发挥了关键作用，而且戒酒互助会找到了一种独特的组织解决方案来解决超凡魅力型领导权继承问题，这一解决方案有助于戒酒互助会在其创始人离世后仍保持发展和稳定。本章还回顾了社会对戒酒互助会的反应，包括对戒酒互助会的早期研究、对戒酒互助会总体上的积极反应、对戒酒互助会的批评，以及其他问题领域团体对戒酒互助会的广泛模仿。
