Dores Michael R, Lin Huilan, J Grimsey Neil, Mendez Francisco, Trejo JoAnn
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
Mol Biol Cell. 2015 Dec 15;26(25):4660-73. doi: 10.1091/mbc.E15-05-0284. Epub 2015 Oct 21.
The sorting of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to lysosomes is critical for proper signaling and cellular responses. We previously showed that the adaptor protein ALIX regulates lysosomal degradation of protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1), a GPCR for thrombin, independent of ubiquitin-binding ESCRTs and receptor ubiquitination. However, the mechanisms that regulate ALIX function during PAR1 lysosomal sorting are not known. Here we show that the mammalian α-arrestin arrestin domain-containing protein-3 (ARRDC3) regulates ALIX function in GPCR sorting via ubiquitination. ARRDC3 colocalizes with ALIX and is required for PAR1 sorting at late endosomes and degradation. Depletion of ARRDC3 by small interfering RNA disrupts ALIX interaction with activated PAR1 and the CHMP4B ESCRT-III subunit, suggesting that ARRDC3 regulates ALIX activity. We found that ARRDC3 is required for ALIX ubiquitination induced by activation of PAR1. A screen of nine mammalian NEDD4-family E3 ubiquitin ligases revealed a critical role for WWP2. WWP2 interacts with ARRDC3 and not ALIX. Depletion of WWP2 inhibited ALIX ubiquitination and blocked ALIX interaction with activated PAR1 and CHMP4B. These findings demonstrate a new role for the α-arrestin ARRDC3 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP2 in regulation of ALIX ubiquitination and lysosomal sorting of GPCRs.
G蛋白偶联受体(GPCRs)向溶酶体的分选对于正确的信号传导和细胞反应至关重要。我们之前表明,衔接蛋白ALIX调节蛋白酶激活受体-1(PAR1,一种凝血酶的GPCR)的溶酶体降解,其独立于泛素结合的ESCRT和受体泛素化。然而,在PAR1溶酶体分选过程中调节ALIX功能的机制尚不清楚。在这里,我们表明哺乳动物α-抑制蛋白含抑制蛋白结构域蛋白-3(ARRDC3)通过泛素化调节GPCR分选过程中的ALIX功能。ARRDC3与ALIX共定位,是PAR1在晚期内体分选中和降解所必需的。通过小干扰RNA耗尽ARRDC3会破坏ALIX与活化的PAR1和CHMP4B ESCRT-III亚基的相互作用,表明ARRDC3调节ALIX活性。我们发现PAR1激活诱导的ALIX泛素化需要ARRDC3。对九种哺乳动物NEDD4家族E3泛素连接酶的筛选揭示了WWP2的关键作用。WWP2与ARRDC3相互作用而不与ALIX相互作用。耗尽WWP2会抑制ALIX泛素化,并阻断ALIX与活化的PAR1和CHMP4B的相互作用。这些发现证明了α-抑制蛋白ARRDC3和E3泛素连接酶WWP2在调节ALIX泛素化和GPCR溶酶体分选中的新作用。