Sulaiman Taiseer A, Abdulmajeed Aous A, Shahramian Khalil, Hupa Leena, Donovan Terrence E, Vallittu Pekka, Närhi Timo O
Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre (TCBC), University of Turku and City of Turku, Finland; Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre (TCBC), University of Turku and City of Turku, Finland.
Dent Mater. 2015 Dec;31(12):1445-52. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.09.010. Epub 2015 Oct 20.
To evaluate the surface topography and optical properties of monolithic zirconia after immersion in simulated gastric acid.
Four partially stabilized (PSZ) and one fully stabilized (FSZ) zirconia materials were selected for the study: Prettau (PRT, Zirkonzahn), Zenostar (ZEN, Ivoclar), Bruxzir (BRX, Glidewell), Katana (KAT, Noritake) and FSZ Prettau Anterior (PRTA, Zirkonzahn). IPS e.max (Ivoclar) was used as a control. The specimens (10×10×1.2mm, n=5 per material) were cut, sintered, polished and cleaned before immersed in 5ml of simulated gastric acid solution (Hydrochloric acid (HCl) 0.06M, 0.113% solution in deionized distal water, pH 1.2) for 96h in a 37°C incubator. Specimens were weighed and examined for morphological changes under scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Surface roughness was evaluated by a confocal microscope. Surface gloss and translucency parameter (TP) values were determined by a reflection spectrophotometer before and after acid immersion. The data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD post hoc test (p<0.05).
PRTA displayed the most weight loss (1.40%) among the zirconia specimens. IPS e.max showed about three times more weight loss (3.05%) than zirconia specimens as an average. SEM examination indicated areas of degradation, bead-like shapes and smoothening of the polishing scratches after acid immersion. EDX displayed ion interactions and possible ion leaching from all specimens. Sa and Sq values for PRTA, ZEN and IPS e.max were significantly lower (p<0.05) after acid immersion. TP values increased significantly for PRT, ZEN and IPS e.max (p<0.05), while the surface gloss of ZEN, PRTA and IPS e.max increased (p<0.05).
Monolithic zirconia materials show some surface alterations in an acidic environment with minimum effect on their optical properties. Whether a smoother surface is in fact a sign of true corrosion resistance or is purely the result of an evenly progressive corrosive process is yet to be confirmed by further research.
评估整体式氧化锆在模拟胃酸中浸泡后的表面形貌和光学性能。
选择四种部分稳定（PSZ）和一种完全稳定（FSZ）的氧化锆材料进行研究：Prettau（PRT，Zirkonzahn）、Zenostar（ZEN，Ivoclar）、Bruzir（BRX，Glidewell）、Katana（KAT，Noritake）和FSZ Prettau Anterior（PRTA，Zirkonzahn）。IPS e.max（Ivoclar）用作对照。将试件（10×10×1.2mm，每种材料n = 5）切割、烧结、抛光并清洗，然后在37°C培养箱中浸泡在5ml模拟胃酸溶液（0.06M盐酸（HCl），去离子远端水中0.113%的溶液，pH 1.2）中96小时。对试件进行称重，并在扫描电子显微镜（SEM）结合能量色散X射线光谱仪（EDX）下检查形态变化。通过共聚焦显微镜评估表面粗糙度。在酸浸泡前后，用反射分光光度计测定表面光泽度和半透明参数（TP）值。数据采用单因素方差分析，随后进行Tukey's HSD事后检验（p<0.05）。
PRTA在氧化锆试件中失重最多（1.40%）。IPS e.max平均失重比氧化锆试件多约三倍（3.05%）。SEM检查表明，酸浸泡后有降解区域、珠状形状以及抛光划痕变平滑。EDX显示所有试件都有离子相互作用和可能的离子浸出。酸浸泡后，PRTA、ZEN和IPS e.max的Sa和Sq值显著降低（p<0.05）。PRT、ZEN和IPS e.max的TP值显著增加（p<0.05），而ZEN、PRTA和IPS e.max的表面光泽度增加（p<0.05）。
整体式氧化锆材料在酸性环境中会出现一些表面变化，但其光学性能受影响最小。表面更光滑究竟是真正耐腐蚀的标志，还是仅仅是均匀渐进腐蚀过程的结果，还有待进一步研究证实。
