Ackerly Kerri L, Ward Andrea B
Department of Biology, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York.
Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
J Exp Zool A Ecol Genet Physiol. 2016 Jan;325(1):25-40. doi: 10.1002/jez.1993. Epub 2015 Oct 26.
Fishes are particularly sensitive to the effects of environmental conditions during early development, which can significantly impact adult morphology, performance, and survival. Previous research has highlighted the sensitivity of fishes to the effects of temperature during early development on vertebral number and muscle composition, which are both important determinants of an individual's swimming performance. In this study, we investigated the effect of developmental temperature on vertebral and muscle variation, and the subsequent effect of any variation on burst swimming performance in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Following development at a range of temperatures, all individuals were shifted to and maintained at a common temperature before startle responses were recorded and individuals were analyzed for either vertebral number or muscle composition. Our results indicate that developmental temperature does not significantly affect muscle composition, but can affect an individual's vertebral number, and that individuals with more vertebrae achieved greater displacement and velocities during C-start performance. To determine the ecological importance of this vertebral variation and to identify the potential selective factors behind it, we exposed populations of zebrafish with various vertebral numbers to native predators, needlenose garfish (Xenentodon cancila). We found that only caudal vertebral number was related to survival, and that survivors had the same caudal vertebral number across developmental temperatures. Overall, this work highlights the importance of including variation in musculoskeletal anatomy when investigating what is driving selection in fishes. J. Exp. Zool. 325A:25-40, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
鱼类在早期发育过程中对环境条件的影响尤为敏感，这会显著影响成年后的形态、性能和生存。先前的研究强调了鱼类在早期发育过程中对温度影响的敏感性，温度会影响脊椎数量和肌肉组成，而这两者都是个体游泳性能的重要决定因素。在本研究中，我们调查了发育温度对斑马鱼（Danio rerio）脊椎和肌肉变异的影响，以及任何变异对爆发式游泳性能的后续影响。在一系列温度下发育后，所有个体都转移到并维持在一个共同温度下，然后记录惊吓反应，并分析个体的脊椎数量或肌肉组成。我们的结果表明，发育温度不会显著影响肌肉组成，但会影响个体的脊椎数量，并且脊椎较多的个体在C型启动表现中实现了更大的位移和速度。为了确定这种脊椎变异的生态重要性，并找出其背后潜在的选择因素，我们将具有不同脊椎数量的斑马鱼种群暴露于本地捕食者——尖嘴雀鳝（Xenentodon cancila）。我们发现只有尾椎数量与生存有关，并且在不同发育温度下，幸存者的尾椎数量相同。总体而言，这项工作强调了在研究鱼类选择驱动因素时纳入肌肉骨骼解剖结构变异的重要性。《实验动物学杂志》325A:25 - 40，2016年。© 2015威利期刊公司。
