情绪意识的变异来源：年龄、性别和社会经济地位。
Sources of variation in emotional awareness: Age, gender, and socioeconomic status.
作者信息
Mankus Annette M, Boden Matthew Tyler, Thompson Renee J
机构信息
Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO 63130.
Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 795 Willow Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025.
出版信息
Pers Individ Dif. 2016 Jan 1;89:28-33. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.09.043.
The present study examined associations between emotional awareness facets (type clarity, source clarity, negative emotion differentiation, voluntary attention, involuntary attention) and sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, and socioeconomic status (SES)) in a large US sample (N = 919). Path analyses-controlling for variance shared between sociodemographic variables and allowing emotional awareness facets to correlate-demonstrated that (a) age was positively associated with type clarity and source clarity, and inversely associated with involuntary attention; (b) gender was associated with all facets but type clarity, with higher source clarity, negative emotion differentiation, voluntary attention, and involuntary attention reported by women then men; and (c) SES was positively associated with type clarity with a very small effect. These findings extend our understanding of emotional awareness and identify future directions for research to elucidate the causes and consequences of individual differences in emotional awareness.
本研究在美国一个大样本（N = 919）中考察了情绪觉察各方面（类型清晰度、来源清晰度、负面情绪分化、有意注意、无意注意）与社会人口学特征（年龄、性别和社会经济地位（SES））之间的关联。路径分析——控制社会人口学变量之间共享的方差并允许情绪觉察各方面相互关联——表明：（a）年龄与类型清晰度和来源清晰度呈正相关，与无意注意呈负相关；（b）性别与除类型清晰度之外的所有方面都有关联，女性报告的来源清晰度、负面情绪分化、有意注意和无意注意高于男性；（c）社会经济地位与类型清晰度呈正相关，但影响非常小。这些发现扩展了我们对情绪觉察的理解，并确定了未来研究的方向，以阐明情绪觉察个体差异的原因和后果。
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