University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Psychology, Champaign, IL, USA.
Northwestern University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Evanston, IL, USA.
Cogn Emot. 2021 Jun;35(4):805-821. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2021.1885349. Epub 2021 Feb 7.
Emotional awareness is comprised of dispositions towards and knowledge about one's emotions. Executive functions (EF) are cognitive processes that organise and guide behaviour towards one's goals. Both emotional awareness and EF play a role in processes such as emotion regulation and are risk factors for the development and maintenance of depression. Although previous research suggests that aspects of emotional awareness are related to EF, methodological and measurement limitations within the available literature make it difficult to clearly understand how they are associated. In this registered report, we examined the extent to which task-based measures of a specific EF process, shifting, are differentially related to unique facets of emotional awareness (i.e. emotional clarity of type, emotional clarity of source, voluntary attention to emotions, and involuntary attention to emotions), and to what extent EF and emotional awareness are related to depression. Using structural equation modelling, we found evidence that emotional clarity of type was associated with greater shifting cost. Shifting was not associated with any other facet of emotional awareness. Depression was linked to lower emotional clarity of type, higher involuntary attention to emotions, but not poorer EF performance. We discuss how emotional awareness and EF may be uniquely related to depression.
情绪意识包括对自身情绪的态度和知识。执行功能（EF）是组织和引导行为以实现目标的认知过程。情绪意识和 EF 都在情绪调节等过程中发挥作用，并且是抑郁发生和维持的风险因素。尽管先前的研究表明，情绪意识的某些方面与 EF 有关，但现有文献中的方法学和测量限制使得很难清楚地了解它们是如何相关的。在本注册报告中，我们研究了基于任务的特定 EF 过程（转换）的测量指标在多大程度上与情绪意识的独特方面（即情绪类型的清晰度、情绪来源的清晰度、对情绪的自愿注意和对情绪的非自愿注意）相关，以及 EF 和情绪意识在多大程度上与抑郁相关。我们使用结构方程模型发现，情绪类型的清晰度与更大的转换成本相关。转换与情绪意识的其他任何方面都没有关联。抑郁与较低的情绪类型清晰度、较高的非自愿情绪注意力相关，但与较差的 EF 表现无关。我们讨论了情绪意识和 EF 如何与抑郁独特相关。
