Doerflinger Franziska C, Miller William B, Nock Jacqueline F, Watkins Christopher B
Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY 14853, USA ; School of Agriculture, Food, & Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus , Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia.
Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Hortic Res. 2015 Oct 14;2:15047. doi: 10.1038/hortres.2015.47. eCollection 2015.
Patterns of starch hydrolysis in stem, equatorial, and calyx zones of 'Honeycrisp' and 'Empire' apples (Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.) during maturation and ripening, and in 'Gala' apples in response to propylene or 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatments after harvest, were studied. Differences in zonal starch concentrations were found for 'Empire' and 'Gala' fruits, but not for 'Honeycrisp'. During maturation and ripening of 'Empire', the concentration of starch was highest in the calyx end and lowest in the stem region. Differences in rates of starch hydrolysis among zones were not detected. 'Honeycrisp' and 'Empire' had the highest concentration of sorbitol in the calyx region, whereas it was highest in the stem-end region in 'Gala'. The distribution differences of glucose, fructose, and sucrose were similar in all three cultivars; higher fructose and glucose concentrations in the stem region, and higher sucrose concentrations in the calyx end of the fruit. Postharvest treatment of 'Gala' with propylene did not affect the internal ethylene concentration of the fruit but 1-MCP markedly inhibited it. Starch concentrations were highest in the calyx end but gradients of starch among zones were not changed by postharvest treatment. The rate of hydrolysis was slowed by 1-MCP treatment, but was unaffected by propylene. Postharvest treatments influenced sorbitol, glucose, and fructose concentrations. Patterns of starch concentration among the zones did not confirm differences in ripening, but reflected its uneven distribution throughout the fruit during development. Therefore, measured differences in zonal starch are most likely related to starch accumulation during fruit development, rather than differences in rates of starch degradation during ripening.
研究了‘蜜脆’和‘帝国’苹果（苹果（Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.））在成熟和 ripening 过程中，以及‘嘎啦’苹果采后经丙烯或 1-甲基环丙烯（1-MCP）处理后，在果梗、赤道和萼片区域的淀粉水解模式。发现‘帝国’和‘嘎啦’果实的区域淀粉浓度存在差异，但‘蜜脆’没有。在‘帝国’苹果的成熟和 ripening 过程中，萼片端的淀粉浓度最高，果梗区域最低。未检测到各区域间淀粉水解速率的差异。‘蜜脆’和‘帝国’在萼片区域的山梨醇浓度最高，而‘嘎啦’在果梗端区域最高。在所有三个品种中，葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖的分布差异相似；果梗区域的果糖和葡萄糖浓度较高，果实萼片端的蔗糖浓度较高。采后用丙烯处理‘嘎啦’苹果不影响果实内部的乙烯浓度，但 1-MCP 显著抑制了它。淀粉浓度在萼片端最高，但采后处理并未改变各区域间的淀粉梯度。1-MCP 处理减缓了水解速率，但丙烯处理没有影响。采后处理影响了山梨醇、葡萄糖和果糖的浓度。各区域间的淀粉浓度模式并未证实 ripening 存在差异，但反映了其在果实发育过程中在整个果实中的分布不均。因此，测得的区域淀粉差异最有可能与果实发育过程中的淀粉积累有关，而不是与 ripening 过程中淀粉降解速率的差异有关。
需注意，原文中“ripening”这个词在中文语境下不好准确翻译，这里保留英文以便更准确传达原文含义，你可根据实际情况进行调整，如果有更合适的中文词汇替换“ripening”，可进一步优化译文。
