Wen Wei, Cheng Shuiyuan, Chen Xufeng, Wang Gang, Li Song, Wang Xiaoqi, Liu Xiaoyu
College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China, 100124.
Environmental Meteorology Forecast Center of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Chinese Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100089, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016 Mar;23(5):4509-21. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-5379-5. Epub 2015 Oct 29.
The success of the emission reduction measures undertaken by authorities in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit 2014 demonstrated that the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei air quality can be improved by introducing integrated emission reduction measures. This paper combines observation data, emission reduction measures, and air quality simulations that were applied before, during, and after the emission control measure implement to analyze the chemical composition change and relationship between emissions and concentrations of pollutants in region. The 24-h PM2.5 samples were collected in the city Beijing, Shijiazhuang, and Tangshan during the period of 20 October to 25 November, 2014. The total PM2.5 mass was measured. PM2.5 samples were used for the analysis of inorganic elements, selected ions, and organic carbon (OC) and element carbon (EC). PM2.5 concentrations during the emission control period were decreased. Total PM2.5 concentrations were reduced by 54, 26, and 39 % when compared to non-emission control period in Beijing, Shijiazhuang, and Tangshan. The average element concentrations were reduced significantly by 75 % in Beijing, 37 % in Shijiazhuang, and 36 % in Tangshan. After the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) conference, the average element concentration increased. At both cities, the concentration secondary water-soluble ions, primary carbon, and element carbon were reduced. However, the concentration of secondary carbon species increased in Beijing due to photochemical oxidants change. More stringent control of regional emissions will be needed for significant reductions of fine particulate pollution in the region to continue to improve air quality.
2014年亚太经合组织峰会期间当局采取的减排措施取得成功，表明通过实施综合减排措施，京津冀地区的空气质量能够得到改善。本文结合了观测数据、减排措施以及在排放控制措施实施前、实施期间和实施后的空气质量模拟结果，来分析该地区污染物排放与浓度之间的化学成分变化及关系。2014年10月20日至11月25日期间，在北京、石家庄和唐山采集了24小时PM2.5样本，测定了PM2.5的总质量。利用PM2.5样本分析无机元素、选定离子、有机碳（OC）和元素碳（EC）。排放控制期间PM2.5浓度有所下降。与北京、石家庄和唐山的非排放控制期相比，PM2.5总浓度分别降低了54%、26%和39%。北京的平均元素浓度显著降低了75%，石家庄降低了37%，唐山降低了36%。亚太经合组织（APEC）会议之后，平均元素浓度有所上升。在这两个城市，二次水溶性离子、一次碳和元素碳的浓度均有所降低。然而，由于光化学氧化剂的变化，北京二次碳物种的浓度有所增加。要继续改善该地区空气质量，大幅减少细颗粒物污染，就需要对区域排放进行更严格的管控。
