Hannon Michael G, Ryan Michael K, Strauss Eric J
Bull Hosp Jt Dis (2013). 2015 Jun;73(2):100-8.
Throughout the history of orthopaedics, our understanding of the function and necessity of the meniscus has significantly evolved, and with it, our techniques of treating, repairing, preserving, and replacing it have progressed in parallel. Currently, it is known that a meniscus deficiency is a predisposing factor to the development of degenerative changes of the knee. Thus, it is incumbent upon the surgeon to preserve the meniscus to the extent that biology will allow. Unfortunately, circumstances arise when the meniscus cannot be preserved, and young patients afflicted by irreparable meniscus deficiency may be potential candidates for a meniscus transplant. Though its indications are limited and its execution technically complex, meniscal allograft transplant has been shown to provide good subjective outcomes and is a potentially joint preserving surgery. This paper provides a comprehensive and historical review of the meniscus, a brief review of meniscus anatomy and biomechanics, and commentary on the role of meniscal allograft transplant for the treatment of meniscal deficiency, including patient selection, graft selection and sizing, surgical technique, and outcomes.
在骨科发展的历史进程中，我们对半月板功能及必要性的理解有了显著的演变，与之相应的是，我们在半月板治疗、修复、保留及置换技术方面也同步取得了进步。目前已知，半月板缺损是膝关节发生退行性改变的一个诱发因素。因此，在生物学允许的范围内，外科医生有责任保留半月板。不幸的是，当半月板无法保留时，患有不可修复半月板缺损的年轻患者可能是半月板移植的潜在候选者。尽管半月板同种异体移植的适应症有限且手术操作技术复杂，但已证明其能提供良好的主观疗效，并且是一种潜在的关节保留手术。本文对半月板进行了全面的历史性回顾，简要介绍了半月板的解剖学和生物力学，以及对半月板同种异体移植在治疗半月板缺损中的作用进行了评论，包括患者选择、移植物选择和尺寸确定、手术技术及疗效。
