Marchini Giorgio, Chemello Francesca, Berzaghi Davide, Zampieri Andrea
Ophthalmology Unit Department of Neurological, Neuropsychological, Morphological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Ophthalmology Unit Department of Neurological, Neuropsychological, Morphological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Prog Brain Res. 2015;221:191-212. doi: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2015.05.001. Epub 2015 Jun 30.
Glaucoma is the second cause of blindness worldwide. In the next years, approximately one-fourth of all glaucoma cases will be angle-closure types. Older age, female sex, and Asian ethnicities are described risk factors as well as shorter axial length, shallow anterior chamber depth, lens position, and thickness. New findings suggest iris volume and choroidal thickness to have a key role in the mechanisms of angle closure. Classical clinical conditions are acute, intermittent, and chronic forms. Ultrasound biomicroscopy and anterior segment optical coherence tomography contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of angle closure, helping the ophthalmologists in the diagnosis and treatment. The therapy includes laser iridotomy, argon laser peripheral iridoplasty, lens extraction, goniosynechialysis, filtering surgery, drainage implant, and cyclodestruction.
青光眼是全球第二大致盲原因。在未来几年，所有青光眼病例中约四分之一将是闭角型。年龄较大、女性以及亚洲种族被认为是危险因素，此外还有眼轴较短、前房深度浅、晶状体位置和厚度等因素。新的研究结果表明虹膜体积和脉络膜厚度在闭角机制中起关键作用。典型的临床情况有急性、间歇性和慢性形式。超声生物显微镜检查和眼前节光学相干断层扫描有助于更好地理解闭角机制，辅助眼科医生进行诊断和治疗。治疗方法包括激光虹膜切开术、氩激光周边虹膜成形术、晶状体摘除术、房角粘连分离术、滤过性手术、引流植入物和睫状体破坏术。
