López-Labrador F Xavier, Berenguer Marina, Navarro David
Virology Laboratory, and Joint Units on Evolution and Health & Genomics and Health, FISABIO-Public Health, Generalitat Valenciana/Institut Cavanilles, University of Valencia, Spain.
CIBER-ESP, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
Future Microbiol. 2015;10(11):1759-66. doi: 10.2217/fmb.15.74. Epub 2015 Nov 2.
Although vaccination has provided as a very efficient preventive tool, antiviral therapy is still needed to control viral infections not avoidable by prophylaxis with vaccines; those caused by viruses for which a vaccine is available, but vaccination is not universally implemented or does not result in complete, long-term protection; and in immunocompromised individuals with reduced immune control of viral replication. After more than 50 years of the first licensing for an antiherpetic drug, novel compounds for herpes-simplex viruses and human cytomegalovirus will open new strategies for better control and management of these two recurrent viral infections. Besides, the development and use of antiviral drugs for hepatitis viruses causing chronic liver disease has evolved from the unavailability of compounds targeting virus-specific pathways, to the generalization of different treatment regimes based on specific antiviral drugs, both for hepatitis B and C viruses. However, due to the nature of the viral genomes and their replication, in the face of the selective pressure imposed by antiviral drugs viral-resistant variants inevitably emerge, and specific strategies are needed to avoid, or reduce, their clinical and public health impact.
尽管疫苗接种已成为一种非常有效的预防工具，但抗病毒治疗对于控制那些无法通过疫苗预防避免的病毒感染仍是必要的；这些感染包括由已有疫苗但未普遍实施接种或接种后不能提供完全、长期保护的病毒所引起的感染，以及免疫功能低下个体中病毒复制的免疫控制减弱所导致的感染。在抗疱疹病毒药物首次获批上市50多年后，针对单纯疱疹病毒和人巨细胞病毒的新型化合物将为更好地控制和管理这两种复发性病毒感染开辟新的策略。此外，用于治疗引起慢性肝病的肝炎病毒的抗病毒药物的研发和使用，已从缺乏针对病毒特异性途径的化合物，发展到基于特定抗病毒药物针对乙型和丙型肝炎病毒的不同治疗方案的广泛应用。然而，由于病毒基因组及其复制的特性，面对抗病毒药物施加的选择压力，病毒耐药变异体不可避免地出现，因此需要采取特定策略来避免或减少其对临床和公共卫生的影响。
