Valliant Amanda, McComb Kathryn
Division of Nephrology, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, WI.
Division of Nephrology, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, WI.
Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2015 Nov;22(6):446-52. doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2015.06.002.
Vascular access in dialysis patients remains both a critical link to survival and a significant source of morbidity. Currently, the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKF-KDOQI) vascular access guidelines recommend routine vascular access monitoring and encourage dedicated surveillance techniques to be used for early detection of access stenosis and prevention of thrombosis. There is a paucity of clear evidence supporting 1 surveillance technique over another. The purpose of this review is to describe the benefits and limitations of various surveillance techniques commonly used in the care of dialysis patients. Further studies in this area will be useful to determine the most appropriate combination of aggressive clinical monitoring and additional surveillance data to strike a balance between graft thrombosis and unnecessary vascular interventions.
血管通路对于透析患者而言，既是生存的关键环节，也是发病的重要根源。目前，美国国家肾脏基金会肾脏病预后质量倡议组织（NKF-KDOQI）的血管通路指南推荐进行常规血管通路监测，并鼓励采用专门的监测技术以早期发现通路狭窄和预防血栓形成。缺乏明确证据支持一种监测技术优于另一种。本综述的目的是描述在透析患者护理中常用的各种监测技术的益处和局限性。该领域的进一步研究将有助于确定积极的临床监测与额外监测数据的最合适组合，以在移植物血栓形成和不必要的血管干预之间取得平衡。
