新生儿、婴儿及儿童的程序性疼痛管理
Procedural Pain Management in Neonates, Infants and Children.
作者信息
Wilson-Smith Elaine M
机构信息
Consultant Paediatric Anaesthetist with an interest in paediatric acute and chronic pain Sheffield Children's Hospital, Weston Bank, Sheffield S10 2TH.
出版信息
Rev Pain. 2011 Sep;5(3):4-12. doi: 10.1177/204946371100500303.
Abstract
Neonates, infants and children all feel pain and require analgesia for painful procedures.Many painful procedures are associated with medical interventions, including immunisation, heel lance, venesection, IV cannulation and dressing change.Untreated pain can have short and long term effects, including sensitisation to pain episodes in later life.A range of non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions have been shown to be effective for procedural pain management in infants and children, and are most effective when used in combination.Developmental changes in pain responses, analgesic response and drug pharmacokinetics need to be taken into account when planning procedural pain management for neonates.Comprehensive evidence based guidelines are available to guide effective procedural pain management in neonates, infants and older children.
摘要
新生儿、婴儿和儿童都会感觉到疼痛，并且在接受疼痛性操作时需要镇痛。许多疼痛性操作都与医疗干预相关，包括免疫接种、足跟采血、静脉切开术、静脉插管和更换敷料。未经治疗的疼痛会产生短期和长期影响，包括对日后生活中疼痛发作的敏感化。一系列非药物和药物干预措施已被证明对婴儿和儿童的程序性疼痛管理有效，并且联合使用时效果最佳。在为新生儿规划程序性疼痛管理时，需要考虑疼痛反应、镇痛反应和药物药代动力学方面的发育变化。现有基于全面证据的指南可指导新生儿、婴儿和大龄儿童进行有效的程序性疼痛管理。
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