CIHEAM-IAMM: Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Montpellier, 3191 Route de Mende, 34093, Montpellier CEDEX 5, France.
University of Montpellier 3 (UM3), Route de Mende, 34199, Montpellier CEDEX 5, France.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016 Jan;23(1):139-56. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-5680-3. Epub 2015 Nov 3.
The use of plant protection products enables farmers to maximize economic performance and yields, but in return, the environment and human health can be greatly affected because of their toxicity. There are currently strong calls for farmers to reduce the use of these toxic products for the preservation of the environment and the human health, and it has become urgent to invest in more sustainable models that help reduce these risks. One possible solution is the transition toward agroecological production systems. These new systems must be beneficial economically, socially, and environmentally in terms of human health. There are many tools available, based on a range of indicators, for assessing the sustainability of agricultural systems on conventional farm holdings. These methods are little suitable to agroecological farms and do not measure the performance of agroecological transition farms. In this article, we therefore develop a model for the strategic definition, guidance, and assistance for a transition to agroecological practices, capable of assessing performance of this transition and simulating the consequences of possible changes. This model was built by coupling (i) a decision-support tool and a technico-economic simulator with (ii) a conceptual model built from the dynamics of agroecological practices. This tool is currently being tested in the framework of a Compte d'Affectation Spéciale pour le Développement Agricole et Rural (CASDAR) project (CASDAR: project launched in 2013 by the French Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Forestry, on the theme "collective mobilisation for agroecology," http://agriculture.gouv.fr/Appel-a-projets-CASDAR ) using data from farms, most of which are engaged in agroenvironmental process and reducing plant protection treatments since 2008.
植保产品的使用使农民能够实现经济效益和产量的最大化，但作为回报，其毒性也会对环境和人类健康造成极大影响。目前强烈呼吁农民减少这些有毒产品的使用，以保护环境和人类健康，因此投资于更可持续的模式以帮助降低这些风险变得尤为紧迫。一个可能的解决方案是向农业生态生产系统过渡。这些新系统在经济、社会和人类健康方面必须是有利的，在环境方面也必须是可持续的。目前有许多基于一系列指标的工具可用于评估常规农场农业系统的可持续性。这些方法不太适用于农业生态农场，也无法衡量农业生态转型农场的绩效。因此，在本文中，我们开发了一种模型，用于对向农业生态实践的过渡进行战略定义、指导和协助，该模型能够评估这种过渡的绩效，并模拟可能变化的后果。该模型通过将 (i) 决策支持工具和技术经济模拟器与 (ii) 从农业生态实践动态构建的概念模型进行耦合来构建。该工具目前正在一项 Compte d'Affectation Spéciale pour le Développement Agricole et Rural (CASDAR) 项目（CASDAR：法国农业部、食品和林业部于 2013 年发起的一个项目，主题为“集体动员促进农业生态化”，http://agriculture.gouv.fr/Appel-a-projets-CASDAR）的框架内进行测试，使用的是自 2008 年以来从事农业环境进程和减少植保处理的农场的数据。
