乳酸发酵、添加尿素和石灰：用于应急卫生设施的粪便污泥消毒方法前景广阔。
Lactic Acid Fermentation, Urea and Lime Addition: Promising Faecal Sludge Sanitizing Methods for Emergency Sanitation.
作者信息
Anderson Catherine, Malambo Dennis Hanjalika, Perez Maria Eliette Gonzalez, Nobela Happiness Ngwanamoseka, de Pooter Lobke, Spit Jan, Hooijmans Christine Maria, de Vossenberg Jack van, Greya Wilson, Thole Bernard, van Lier Jules B, Brdjanovic Damir
机构信息
WASTE advisers on urbane environment and development, Lange Houtstraat, 26, 2511 CW, The Hague, The Netherlands.
UNESCO-IHE, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands.
出版信息
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015 Oct 29;12(11):13871-85. doi: 10.3390/ijerph121113871.
In this research, three faecal sludge sanitizing methods-lactic acid fermentation, urea treatment and lime treatment-were studied for application in emergency situations. These methods were investigated by undertaking small scale field trials with pit latrine sludge in Blantyre, Malawi. Hydrated lime was able to reduce the E. coli count in the sludge to below the detectable limit within 1 h applying a pH > 11 (using a dosage from 7% to 17% w/w, depending faecal sludge alkalinity), urea treatment required about 4 days using 2.5% wet weight urea addition, and lactic acid fermentation needed approximately 1 week after being dosed with 10% wet weight molasses (2 g (glucose/fructose)/kg) and 10% wet weight pre-culture (99.8% pasteurised whole milk and 0.02% fermented milk drink containing Lactobacillus casei Shirota). Based on Malawian prices, the cost of sanitizing 1 m³ of faecal sludge was estimated to be €32 for lactic acid fermentation, €20 for urea treatment and €12 for hydrated lime treatment.
在本研究中，对三种粪便污泥消毒方法——乳酸发酵、尿素处理和石灰处理——进行了研究，以用于紧急情况。通过在马拉维布兰太尔对坑式厕所污泥进行小规模现场试验，对这些方法进行了研究。熟石灰能够在pH>11的情况下（根据粪便污泥碱度，用量为7%至17% w/w），在1小时内将污泥中的大肠杆菌数量降至检测限以下；尿素处理使用2.5%湿重的尿素添加量大约需要4天；乳酸发酵在加入10%湿重的糖蜜（2 g（葡萄糖/果糖）/kg）和10%湿重的预培养物（99.8%巴氏杀菌全脂牛奶和0.02%含有干酪乳杆菌代田株的发酵乳饮料）后大约需要1周时间。根据马拉维的价格，消毒1立方米粪便污泥的成本估计为：乳酸发酵32欧元，尿素处理20欧元，熟石灰处理12欧元。
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