Brennan Matthew, Lim Bora
Hematology/Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1354, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2015;867:327-37. doi: 10.1007/978-94-017-7215-0_20.
A biomarker is a characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention. The discovery and development of proper biomarkers is a critical part of modern oncology. Among the many different types of biomarkers, cell receptors have demonstrated important roles as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers in cancer research and therapy, leading to their integration into drug development trials. In breast cancer, Estrogen/Progesterone receptors and HER2/neu receptors are two good examples of biomarkers that are prognostic of outcomes, as well as predictive of response to certain therapies. Limitations exist, however, such as the invasive procedures required obtaining tissue, and the difficulty measuring the actual distribution of the receptors. Thus, continued efforts to develop receptors as comprehensive cancer biomarkers with novel approaches is mandated to further advance the modern oncology.
生物标志物是一种可客观测量和评估的特征，作为正常生物过程、致病过程或对治疗干预的药理反应的指标。合适的生物标志物的发现和开发是现代肿瘤学的关键部分。在众多不同类型的生物标志物中，细胞受体在癌症研究和治疗中作为诊断、预后和预测生物标志物发挥了重要作用，从而被纳入药物开发试验。在乳腺癌中，雌激素/孕激素受体和HER2/neu受体是生物标志物的两个很好的例子，它们既可以预测预后，也可以预测对某些治疗的反应。然而，也存在一些局限性，比如获取组织需要侵入性操作，以及测量受体实际分布的困难。因此，必须继续努力采用新方法将受体开发为全面的癌症生物标志物，以进一步推动现代肿瘤学的发展。
