Newcomb M D, Bentler P M
Am Psychol. 1989 Feb;44(2):242-8. doi: 10.1037//0003-066x.44.2.242.
During the past several years, there has been a renewed national concern about drug abuse, culminating in the current "war on drugs." In this review, we emphasize that even though child or teenage drug use is an individual behavior, it is embedded in a sociocultural context that strongly determines its character and manifestations. Our focus is on psychoactive substances both licit (cigarettes and alcohol) and illicit (e.g., cannabis and cocaine). We feel that it is critical to draw a distinction between use and abuse of drugs and to do so from a multidimensional perspective that includes aspects of the stimulus (drug), organism (individual), response, and consequences. Our selective review of substance use and abuse among children and adolescents covers epidemiology (patterns and extent of drug use), etiology (what generates substance use), prevention (how to limit drug use), treatment (interventions with drug users), and consequences (effects and outcomes of youthful drug use).
在过去几年里，全国对药物滥用问题重新给予了关注，最终演变成了当前的“禁毒战争”。在本综述中，我们强调，尽管儿童或青少年使用药物是一种个人行为，但它置身于一个社会文化背景之中，而这一背景强烈地决定了其特征和表现形式。我们关注的是精神活性物质，包括合法的（香烟和酒精）和非法的（如大麻和可卡因）。我们认为，区分药物的使用和滥用，并从包括刺激因素（药物）、机体（个体）、反应和后果等多维度视角进行区分至关重要。我们对儿童和青少年物质使用与滥用的选择性综述涵盖了流行病学（药物使用的模式和程度）、病因学（导致物质使用的因素）、预防（如何限制药物使用）、治疗（对吸毒者的干预措施）以及后果（青少年药物使用的影响和结果）。
