Int J Epidemiol. 2016 Feb;45(1):223-31. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyv292.
Scuba diving mishaps, caused by equipment problems or human errors, increase the occurrence of injuries and fatalities while diving. Pre-dive checklists may mitigate mishaps. This study evaluated the effect of using a pre-dive checklist on the incidence of diving mishaps in recreational divers.
A multi-location cluster-randomized trial with parallel groups and allocation concealment was conducted between 1 June and 17 August 2012. The participants had to be at least 18 years of age, permitted to dive by the dive operator and planning to dive on the day of participation. They were recruited at the pier and dive boats at four locations. The intervention group received a pre-dive checklist and post-dive log. The control group received a post-dive log only. The outcomes, self-reported major and minor mishaps, were prompted by a post-dive questionnaire. Mishap rates per 100 dives were compared using Poisson regression with generalized estimating equations. Intent-to-treat, per-protocol and marginal structural model analyses were conducted.
A total of 1043 divers (intervention = 617; control = 426) made 2041 dives, on 70 location-days (intervention = 40; control = 30) at four locations. Compared with the control group, the incidence of major mishaps decreased in the intervention group by 36%, minor mishaps by 26% and all mishaps by 32%. On average, there was one fewer mishap in every 25 intervention dives.
In this trial, pre-dive checklist use prevented mishaps which could lead to injuries and fatalities. Pre-dive checklists can increase diving safety and their use should be promoted. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT01960738.
潜水事故是由设备问题或人为错误引起的，增加了潜水时受伤和死亡的发生几率。潜水前检查表可以减轻事故的发生。本研究评估了在休闲潜水者中使用潜水前检查表对潜水事故发生率的影响。
这是一项多地点集群随机对照试验，采用平行组和分配隐藏方法，于 2012 年 6 月 1 日至 8 月 17 日进行。参与者必须年满 18 岁，经潜水经营者允许并计划在参与当天潜水。他们在四个地点的码头和潜水船上招募。干预组收到潜水前检查表和潜水后日志。对照组仅收到潜水后日志。通过潜水后问卷提示报告主要和次要事故等结果。使用泊松回归和广义估计方程比较每 100 次潜水的事故发生率。进行意向治疗、方案内和边缘结构模型分析。
共有 1043 名潜水员（干预组 617 名；对照组 426 名）进行了 2041 次潜水，在 70 个地点-天（干预组 40 个；对照组 30 个）的四个地点进行。与对照组相比，干预组的重大事故发生率降低了 36%，轻微事故发生率降低了 26%，所有事故发生率降低了 32%。平均而言，在每 25 次干预潜水中有一次事故。
在这项试验中，使用潜水前检查表可防止可能导致受伤和死亡的事故。潜水前检查表可以提高潜水安全性，应推广其使用。临床试验注册：ClinicalTrials.gov 标识符 NCT01960738。
