Public Health England, England, United Kingdom.
Euro Surveill. 2015;20(36). doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2015.20.36.30013.
The 2014/15 influenza season in the United Kingdom (UK) was characterised by circulation of predominantly antigenically and genetically drifted influenza A(H3N2) and B viruses. A universal paediatric influenza vaccination programme using a quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) has recently been introduced in the UK. This study aims to measure the end-of-season influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE), including for LAIV, using the test negative case-control design. The overall adjusted VE against all influenza was 34.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 17.8 to 47.5); for A(H3N2) 29.3% (95% CI: 8.6 to 45.3) and for B 46.3% (95% CI: 13.9 to 66.5). For those aged under 18 years, influenza A(H3N2) LAIV VE was 35% (95% CI: -29.9 to 67.5), whereas for influenza B the LAIV VE was 100% (95% CI:17.0 to 100.0). Although the VE against influenza A(H3N2) infection was low, there was still evidence of significant protection, together with moderate, significant protection against drifted circulating influenza B viruses. LAIV provided non-significant positive protection against influenza A, with significant protection against B. Further work to assess the population impact of the vaccine programme across the UK is underway.
2014/15 年英国（英国）流感季节的特点是主要传播抗原和遗传漂移的甲型 H3N2 和 B 型流感病毒。最近，英国推出了一项针对儿科的通用流感疫苗接种计划，使用四价减毒活流感疫苗（LAIV）。本研究旨在使用阴性对照病例对照设计来衡量季节性流感疫苗的期末有效性（VE），包括 LAIV。针对所有流感的总体调整 VE 为 34.3%（95%置信区间（CI）17.8 至 47.5）；针对 A（H3N2）为 29.3%（95% CI：8.6 至 45.3），针对 B 为 46.3%（95% CI：13.9 至 66.5）。对于 18 岁以下的人，甲型 H3N2 LAIV VE 为 35%（95% CI：-29.9 至 67.5），而 B 型 LAIV VE 为 100%（95% CI：17.0 至 100.0）。尽管甲型 H3N2 感染的 VE 较低，但仍有证据表明存在显著的保护作用，同时对漂移传播的乙型流感病毒也有中度和显著的保护作用。LAIV 对甲型流感的保护作用呈非显著阳性，对 B 型流感的保护作用显著。正在开展进一步的工作，以评估该疫苗计划在英国的人群影响。
