Noll Laura K, Clark Caron A C, Skowron Elizabeth A
University of Oregon.
Dev Psychopathol. 2015 Nov;27(4 Pt 2):1443-60. doi: 10.1017/S0954579415000863.
Despite burgeoning evidence linking early exposure to child maltreatment (CM) to deficits in self-regulation, the pathways to strong regulatory development in these children are not well understood, and significant heterogeneity is observed in their outcomes. Experiences of autonomy may play a key role in transmitting self-regulatory capacity across generations and help explain individual differences in maltreatment outcomes. In this study, we investigated multigenerational associations between Generation 1 (G1)-Generation 2 (G2) mothers' early experience of warmth and autonomy in relation to their own mothers and their Generation 3 (G3) children's autonomic physiological regulation in CM (n = 85) and non-CM (n = 128) families. We found that G2 mothers who recalled greater autonomy in their childhood relationship with their G1 mothers had preschool-age G3 children with higher respiratory sinus arrhythmia at baseline when alone while engaged in individual challenge tasks, during social exchanges with their mother in joint challenge tasks, and during the portions of the strange situation procedure when the mother was present. Although no clear mediators of this association emerged, multigenerational links among G1-G2 relations, maternal representations of her child, child behavior, and child respiratory sinus arrhythmia differed by maltreatment status, thus possibly representing important targets for future research and intervention.
尽管越来越多的证据表明，早期遭受儿童虐待（CM）与自我调节能力缺陷有关，但这些儿童实现强大调节能力发展的途径仍未得到充分理解，而且在他们的结果中观察到了显著的异质性。自主性体验可能在跨代传递自我调节能力方面发挥关键作用，并有助于解释虐待结果中的个体差异。在本研究中，我们调查了第一代（G1）-第二代（G2）母亲与其自己母亲之间早期的温暖和自主性体验，与她们第三代（G3）孩子在受虐（n = 85）和非受虐（n = 128）家庭中的自主生理调节之间的多代关联。我们发现，那些回忆起在童年与G1母亲的关系中拥有更大自主性的G2母亲，其学龄前G3孩子在单独进行个体挑战任务时、在与母亲共同进行挑战任务的社交互动中以及在陌生情境程序中母亲在场的部分时段，基线时的呼吸性窦性心律不齐水平更高。尽管这种关联没有明显的中介因素出现，但G1-G2关系、母亲对孩子的表征、孩子行为和孩子呼吸性窦性心律不齐之间的多代联系因虐待状况而异，因此可能是未来研究和干预的重要目标。
