Fumero María Verónica, Sulyok Michael, Chulze Sofía
a Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Physical-Chemical and Natural Sciences , National University of Rio Cuarto , Cordoba , Argentina.
b National Research Council from Argentina (CONICET) , Cordoba , Argentina.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2016;33(1):147-56. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1107917. Epub 2015 Nov 7.
The effect of water activity (aw = 0.95, 0.98 and 0.995), temperature (15, 25 and 30°C), incubation time (7, 14, 21 and 28 days), and their interactions on growth and moniliformin (MON), beauvericin (BEA), fusaproliferin (FUS) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) production by two strains of Fusarium temperatum isolated from Argentinean maize were determined in vitro on sterile layers of maize grains. The results showed that there was a wide range of conditions for growth and mycotoxins production by F. temperatum. Both strains were found to grow faster with increasing aw and at 30°C. In relation to mycotoxin production, the two strains produced more FUS than the other mycotoxins regardless of aw or temperature evaluated (maximum = 50,000 μg g(-1)). For FUS, MON and BEA, the maximum levels were observed at 0.98 aw and 30°C (50,000, 5000 and 2000 μg g(-1) respectively). The lowest levels for these three mycotoxins were detected at 15°C and 0.95 aw (1700 and 100 μg g(-1) for FUS and MON respectively), and at 0.98 aw (400 μg g(-1) for BEA). The maximum levels of FB1 were produced at 15°C and 0.98 aw (1000 μg g(-1)). At all aw and temperatures combinations evaluated there was an increase in toxin concentrations with time incubation. The maximum levels were detected at 21 days. Statistical analyses of aw, temperature, incubation time, and the two- and three-way interactions between them showed significant effects on mycotoxins production by F. temperatum. For its versatility on growth and mycotoxin production, F. temperatum represents a toxicological risk for maize in the field and also during grain storage.
在无菌玉米籽粒层上，体外测定了水分活度（aw = 0.95、0.98和0.995）、温度（15、25和30°C）、培养时间（7、14、21和28天）及其相互作用对从阿根廷玉米中分离出的两株温和镰刀菌生长以及念珠镰刀菌素（MON）、白僵菌素（BEA）、镰孢增殖素（FUS）和伏马菌素B1（FB1）产生的影响。结果表明，温和镰刀菌生长及产生霉菌毒素的条件范围很广。两株菌均在aw增加及30°C时生长更快。关于霉菌毒素产生，无论评估的aw或温度如何，两株菌产生的FUS均比其他霉菌毒素更多（最大值 = 50,000 μg g(-1)）。对于FUS、MON和BEA，在aw为0.98及30°C时观察到最高水平（分别为50,000、5000和2000 μg g(-1)）。这三种霉菌毒素的最低水平在15°C和aw为0.95时检测到（FUS和MON分别为1700和100 μg g(-1)），以及aw为0.98时（BEA为400 μg g(-1)）。FB1的最高水平在15°C和aw为0.98时产生（1000 μg g(-1)）。在所有评估的aw和温度组合下，毒素浓度随培养时间增加。在21天时检测到最高水平。对aw、温度、培养时间及其二者和三者之间的相互作用进行统计分析表明，它们对温和镰刀菌产生霉菌毒素有显著影响。由于其在生长和霉菌毒素产生方面的多样性，温和镰刀菌对田间玉米以及谷物储存期间都构成毒理学风险。
