Parolin Lays C, Mikich Sandra B, Bianconi Gledson V
Embrapa Florestas, Colombo, PR, Brasil.
Instituto Neotropical: Pesquisa e Conservação, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.
An Acad Bras Cienc. 2015 Oct-Dec;87(4):2047-53. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765201520140519. Epub 2015 Oct 30.
Studies suggest that frugivorous bats search and select fruit mainly by olfaction so that they can be attracted by smell alone. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in captivity, the behavioural response (number of foraging attempts) of Artibeus lituratus and Carollia perspicillata offered essential oils extracted from ripe fruit of Ficus insipida (Moraceae) and Piper hispidum (Piperaceae) as well as intact fruit wrapped in gauze to attract bats with reduced visual stimuli. Based on previous reports, we hypothesized that A.lituratus would exhibit preference for Ficus fruits/oil while C. perspicillata would prefer Piper fruit/oil. Four arrangements of these attractants were tested in triplicate: P. hispidum fruit vs. F. insipida fruit, P.hispidum oil vs. F. insipida oil, P. hispidum oil vs. F. insipida fruit and P. hispidum fruit vs. F. insipida oil. As expected, in all tests, A. lituratus showed the highest number of foraging attempts in F. insipida while C. perspicillata in those of P. hispidum. Based on the number of foraging attempts both species exhibited a positive response to their favorite fruit genera, though the differences were not always statistically significant. The results confirm the importance of smell in fruit choice by these species.
研究表明，食果蝙蝠主要通过嗅觉来搜寻和挑选果实，这样它们仅靠气味就能被吸引。本研究的目的是在圈养环境中评估，给淡色果蝠（Artibeus lituratus）和多毛长舌蝠（Carollia perspicillata）提供从无花果（Ficus insipida，桑科）和糙叶胡椒（Piper hispidum，胡椒科）的成熟果实中提取的香精油，以及用纱布包裹的完整果实，以减少视觉刺激来吸引蝙蝠时，它们的行为反应（觅食尝试次数）。基于之前的报告，我们假设淡色果蝠会对无花果果实/油表现出偏好，而多毛长舌蝠会更喜欢糙叶胡椒果实/油。对这些引诱剂的四种组合进行了三次重复测试：糙叶胡椒果实与无花果果实、糙叶胡椒油与无花果油、糙叶胡椒油与无花果果实以及糙叶胡椒果实与无花果油。正如预期的那样，在所有测试中，淡色果蝠在面对无花果时表现出最高的觅食尝试次数，而多毛长舌蝠在面对糙叶胡椒时表现出最高的觅食尝试次数。基于觅食尝试次数，两个物种都对它们喜欢的果实属表现出积极反应，尽管差异并不总是具有统计学意义。结果证实了气味在这些物种选择果实过程中的重要性。
