Waloszek Joanna M, Woods Michael J, Byrne Michelle L, Nicholas Christian L, Bei Bei, Murray Greg, Raniti Monika, Allen Nicholas B, Trinder John
Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
J Sleep Res. 2016 Apr;25(2):216-24. doi: 10.1111/jsr.12360. Epub 2015 Nov 6.
Depression is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in adults, and recent literature suggests preclinical signs of cardiovascular risk are also present in depressed adolescents. No study has examined the effect of clinical depression on cardiovascular factors during sleep. This study examined the relationship between clinical depression and nocturnal indicators of cardiovascular risk in depressed adolescent girls from the general community (13-18 years old; 11 clinically depressed, eight healthy control). Continuous beat-to-beat finger arterial blood pressure and heart rate were monitored via Portapres and electrocardiogram, respectively. Cardiovascular data were averaged over each hour for the first 6 h of sleep, as well as in 2-min epochs of stable sleep that were then averaged within sleep stages. Data were also averaged across 2-min epochs of pre-sleep wakefulness and the first 5 min of continuous non-rapid eye movement sleep to investigate the blood pressure dipping response over the sleep-onset period. Compared with controls, depressed adolescents displayed a similar but significantly elevated blood pressure profile across sleep. Depressed adolescents had significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressures across the entire night (P < 0.01), as well as during all sleep stages (P < 0.001). Depressed adolescents also had higher blood pressure across the sleep-onset period, but the groups did not differ in the rate of decline across the period. Higher blood pressure during sleep in depressed adolescent females suggests that depression has a significant association with cardiovascular functioning during sleep in adolescent females, which may increase risk for future cardiovascular pathology.
抑郁症是成年人患心血管疾病的独立危险因素，最近的文献表明，心血管风险的临床前迹象在抑郁的青少年中也存在。尚无研究探讨临床抑郁症对睡眠期间心血管因素的影响。本研究调查了社区中抑郁青少年女孩（13 - 18岁；11名临床抑郁症患者，8名健康对照）临床抑郁症与心血管风险夜间指标之间的关系。分别通过Portapres和心电图监测连续逐搏手指动脉血压和心率。在睡眠的前6小时内，每小时对心血管数据进行平均，以及在稳定睡眠的2分钟时段内进行平均，然后在睡眠阶段内进行平均。还对睡前清醒的2分钟时段和连续非快速眼动睡眠的前5分钟的数据进行平均，以研究睡眠开始期间的血压下降反应。与对照组相比，抑郁青少年在整个睡眠过程中表现出相似但显著升高的血压特征。抑郁青少年在整个夜间（P < 0.01）以及所有睡眠阶段（P < 0.001）的收缩压、舒张压和平均动脉压均显著更高。抑郁青少年在睡眠开始期间的血压也更高，但两组在该期间血压下降速率上没有差异。抑郁青少年女性睡眠期间血压较高表明，抑郁症与青少年女性睡眠期间的心血管功能有显著关联，这可能会增加未来心血管疾病的风险。
