Kantha S S
Keio J Med. 1989 Mar;38(1):1-12. doi: 10.2302/kjm.38.1.
This review examines the awards of Nobel Prizes for Medicine or Physiology discipline between 1901 and 1987, in order to evaluate the advances made in biomedical sciences in the twentieth century. A total of 78 awards had been made amounting to 144 laureates. Countrywise, scientists from the USA lead the tally of Nobelists with 62 laureates, followed by those from Britain and Germany. In the first quarter (1901-25), majority of the awards were given to pioneering studies in microbiology and physiology. Following three decades (1926-55) show the emergence of biochemists as preferred winners with many of the nutrition-related discoveries receiving the recognition. During and immediately after the Second World War (between 1939 and 1957), pharmacology related studies were also awarded Nobel merit. Molecular biology, genetics and immunology had become the prime areas for recipients during the last three decades beginning with 1958. Apart from these four distinct speciality areas, classic discoveries in the fields of neurosciences and behavior, clinical medicine, experimental biology endocrinology had also been recognized at regular intervals.
本综述考察了1901年至1987年间诺贝尔医学或生理学奖的授予情况，以评估20世纪生物医学科学所取得的进展。总共颁发了78项奖项，共有144位获奖者。按国家统计，美国科学家以62位获奖者在诺贝尔奖获得者名单中领先，其次是英国和德国的科学家。在第一季度（1901 - 1925年），大部分奖项授予了微生物学和生理学的开创性研究。接下来的三十年（1926 - 1955年），生物化学家成为首选获奖者，许多与营养相关的发现获得认可。在第二次世界大战期间及战后不久（1939年至1957年），与药理学相关的研究也获得了诺贝尔荣誉。从1958年开始的最后三十年里，分子生物学、遗传学和免疫学成为获奖者的主要领域。除了这四个不同的专业领域外，神经科学与行为、临床医学、实验生物学内分泌学等领域的经典发现也定期得到认可。
