Hagag U, Tawfiek M G, Brehm W
Large Animal Clinic for Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt.
Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt.
Vet J. 2015 Dec;206(3):338-48. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.09.006. Epub 2015 Sep 9.
The objective of the present study was to establish a protocol for arthroscopic exploration of the bovine stifle joint using craniomedial, caudolateral and caudomedial approaches. An anatomic and arthroscopic study using 26 cadaveric limbs from 13 non-lame adult dairy cows was performed. The craniomedial approach was created between the middle and medial patellar ligaments to investigate the cranial pouches of the stifle joint. The inter-condylar eminence, the proximal aspect of the medial femoral trochlear ridge and the lateral aspect of the lateral femoral condyle were used as starting points for systematic examination of the medial femorotibial, the femoropatellar and the lateral femorotibial joints, respectively. The observed structures were: the suprapatellar pouch, articular surfaces of the patella, femoral trochlear ridges, cruciate ligaments, menisci, and the meniscotibial ligaments. The arthroscopic portal for the caudomedial femorotibial pouch was about 6-8 cm caudal to the medial collateral ligament. The proximal and distal caudolateral femorotibial pouches were explored 3 cm and 1.5 cm caudal to the ipsilateral collateral ligament, respectively. The observed structures were the caudal aspect of femoral condyles, menisci, caudal cruciate ligament, popliteal tendon and the meniscofemoral ligament. Restricted joint size and risk of common peroneal nerve damage were the major limitations for exploration of the caudal femorotibial compartments. The study described the arthroscopic portals and normal intra-articular anatomy of the bovine stifle joint but further investigations are warranted to validate these techniques in clinical cases.
本研究的目的是建立一种使用颅内侧、尾外侧和尾内侧入路对牛膝关节进行关节镜探查的方案。使用来自13头无跛行成年奶牛的26个尸体肢体进行了一项解剖学和关节镜研究。在髌中韧带和髌内侧韧带之间创建颅内侧入路，以探查膝关节的颅侧隐窝。分别以髁间隆起、股骨内侧滑车嵴近端和股骨外侧髁外侧为起点，对股胫内侧关节、股髌关节和股胫外侧关节进行系统检查。观察到的结构有：髌上囊、髌骨关节面、股骨滑车嵴、交叉韧带、半月板和半月板胫骨韧带。股胫内侧隐窝的关节镜入口位于内侧副韧带尾侧约6 - 8 cm处。分别在同侧副韧带尾侧3 cm和1.5 cm处探查股胫外侧隐窝的近端和远端。观察到的结构有股骨髁尾侧、半月板、尾交叉韧带、腘肌腱和半月板股骨韧带。关节尺寸受限和腓总神经损伤风险是探查股胫尾侧间隙的主要限制因素。本研究描述了牛膝关节的关节镜入口和正常关节内解剖结构，但需要进一步研究以在临床病例中验证这些技术。
