Neundörfer B, Engelhardt A, Druschky K F
Neurologische Klinik der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg.
Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 1989 Apr;57(4):127-31. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1000753.
In approximately 10-16% of the cases, diseases of the peripheral nerves occur in the fully developed stage of AIDS, more seldom, however, in the stage of ARC. Some cases have been described in the stage of seroconversion or lymphadenopathy. At this stage cranial neuropathies can show up in connection with aseptic meningitis. The peripheral nerve diseases are present as distal symmetric sensomotory neuropathy, as chronic demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, as acute polyradiculoneuritis and as mononeuropathy multiplex. Frequently Varicella-zoster-radiculitis is observed. Cranial neuropathies are noted especially together with atypical aseptic meningitis, as a syndrome of the above mentioned polyneuropathies, with intracranial lymphomas and meningitides and meningoencephalitides caused by opportunistic infections. The morphological findings of the roots and nerves are variable: axonal degeneration and/or demyelination, infiltration of lymphocytes and microvasculitis. The pathogenesis varies: amongst others, direct infection by HIV, immunopathological changes and opportunistic infections are considered. The spontaneous development frequently leads to a remission. Treatment with corticosteroids and/or plasma exchange is only partially successful.
在大约10% - 16%的病例中，周围神经疾病发生于艾滋病的完全发展阶段，然而在艾滋病相关综合征（ARC）阶段则较少见。在血清转换或淋巴结病阶段也有一些病例被描述。在此阶段，颅神经病变可与无菌性脑膜炎相关出现。周围神经疾病表现为远端对称性感觉运动性神经病变、慢性脱髓鞘性多发性神经根神经病、急性多发性神经根神经炎和多发性单神经病。常观察到水痘 - 带状疱疹神经根炎。颅神经病变尤其与非典型无菌性脑膜炎、上述多发性神经病综合征、颅内淋巴瘤以及由机会性感染引起的脑膜炎和脑膜脑炎相关。神经根和神经的形态学表现多样：轴突变性和/或脱髓鞘、淋巴细胞浸润和微血管炎。发病机制各不相同：其中，考虑有HIV的直接感染、免疫病理改变和机会性感染。其自然发展常导致缓解。使用皮质类固醇和/或血浆置换治疗仅部分有效。
