Cramer Holger
Klinik für Naturheilkunde und Integrative Medizin, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Deutschland.
Forsch Komplementmed. 2015;22(5):304-10. doi: 10.1159/000439468. Epub 2015 Sep 15.
Yoga is increasingly used as a therapeutic and preventive method worldwide. The aim of this nationally representative survey was to assess prevalence and patterns of yoga practice in Germany.
Between August and September 2014, a nationally representative sample of 2,041 individuals of at least 14 years of age was interviewed regarding actual and prior yoga practice. Differences between socioeconomic subgroups were analyzed using chi-squared tests.
Lifetime prevalence of yoga practice was 15.1%, point prevalence 3.3%. Higher prevalence was associated with female gender (p < 0.001), higher education (p < 0.001), employment (p = 0.047), and living in a major city (p < 0.001). Mean duration of yoga practice was 48.2 months; 61.7% practiced at least once weekly. The main reasons for yoga practice were improved physical (62.8%) and mental well-being (56.9%) as well as physical (54.4%) and mental capacity (50.0%). Positive changes due to yoga were reported by 89.7% of practitioners, mainly increased inner balance (58.8%). Another 16.1% of those who were not currently practicing could imagine practicing yoga in the next 12 months.
An estimated 15.7 million Germans are currently practicing yoga or are at least interested in starting to practice, most commonly women, metropolitans, and those with a higher education as well as employed persons. Almost 90% practitioners report positive changes due to their yoga practice.
在全球范围内，瑜伽越来越多地被用作一种治疗和预防方法。这项具有全国代表性的调查旨在评估德国瑜伽练习的普及率和模式。
2014年8月至9月期间，对2041名年龄至少14岁的具有全国代表性的样本进行了关于实际和以前瑜伽练习情况的访谈。使用卡方检验分析社会经济亚组之间的差异。
瑜伽练习的终生患病率为15.1%，现患率为3.3%。较高的患病率与女性（p<0.001）、高等教育（p<0.001）、就业（p = 0.047）以及居住在大城市（p<0.001）有关。瑜伽练习的平均时长为48.2个月；61.7%的人每周至少练习一次。练习瑜伽的主要原因是身体（62.8%）和心理健康（56.9%）的改善以及身体（54.4%）和心理能力（50.0%）的提升。89.7%的练习者报告了因瑜伽带来的积极变化，主要是内心平衡的增强（58.8%）。另外，16.1%目前未练习的人表示在未来12个月内可能会尝试练习瑜伽。
据估计，目前约有1570万德国人正在练习瑜伽或至少有兴趣开始练习，其中最常见的是女性、大城市居民、受过高等教育的人和就业人员。近90%的练习者报告因瑜伽练习带来了积极变化。
