Woolfson A D, McCafferty D F
Department of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, U.K.
J Clin Pharm Ther. 1989 Apr;14(2):103-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.1989.tb00228.x.
Local anaesthesia of intact skin is of growing importance given the increased use of minor surgical procedures on an out-patient basis. Specific pain receptors (nociceptors) are responsible for sensing cutaneous pain. Mechanisms of pain perception and the role of local anaesthetics in reversibly blocking nociception are considered. Effective routes of administration are dermal infiltration or, more recently, anaesthesia by topical application of specifically formulated preparations which promote percutaneous absorption of the drug (percutaneous local anaesthesia). Although many other topical anaesthetic products are also available these do not permit the anaesthetic to reach the nociceptors underlying the stratum corneum and are therefore only suitable for mucosal anaesthesia or for application to damaged skin. The chemical characteristics of local anaesthesia drugs are identified. Those agents suitable for cutaneous anaesthesia are reviewed with respect to potency, onset and duration of anaesthesia and possible systemic or local adverse reactions.
鉴于门诊小手术的使用增加，完整皮肤的局部麻醉变得越来越重要。特定的痛觉感受器负责感知皮肤疼痛。本文探讨了疼痛感知机制以及局部麻醉药在可逆性阻断伤害感受中的作用。有效的给药途径是皮肤浸润，或者更近一些的是通过局部应用促进药物经皮吸收的特殊制剂进行麻醉（经皮局部麻醉）。虽然也有许多其他局部麻醉产品，但这些产品无法使麻醉药到达角质层下方的痛觉感受器，因此仅适用于黏膜麻醉或用于受损皮肤。确定了局部麻醉药物的化学特性。就麻醉效力、起效时间和持续时间以及可能的全身或局部不良反应，对适用于皮肤麻醉的药物进行了综述。
