Sparks Hayley, Nair Gayatri, Castellanos-Gonzalez Alejandro, White A Clinton
Infectious Disease Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, 301 University Boulevard, Route 0435, Galveston, TX 77555-0435 USA, TeL 1-409-747-0236, FAX 1-409-772-6527.
Curr Trop Med Rep. 2015 Sep;2(3):181-187. doi: 10.1007/s40475-015-0056-9. Epub 2015 Aug 1.
Cryptosporidiosis is increasingly recognized as an important global health concern. While initially reported in immunocompromised such as AIDS patients, cryptosporidiosis has now been documented as a major cause of childhood diarrhea and an important factor in childhood malnutrition. Currently, nitazoxanide is the only proven anti-parasitic treatment for infections. However, it is not effective in severely immunocompromised patients and there is limited data in infants. Immune reconstitution or decreased immunosuppression is critical to therapy in AIDS and transplant patients. This limitation of treatment options presents a major public health challenge given the important burden of disease. Repurposing of drugs developed for other indications and development of inhibitors for novel targets offer hope for improved therapies, but none have advanced to clinical studies.
隐孢子虫病日益被视为一个重要的全球健康问题。虽然最初是在免疫功能低下者（如艾滋病患者）中报道的，但隐孢子虫病现已被证明是儿童腹泻的主要原因以及儿童营养不良的一个重要因素。目前，硝唑尼特是唯一经证实可用于治疗隐孢子虫感染的抗寄生虫药物。然而，它对严重免疫功能低下的患者无效，且在婴儿中的数据有限。免疫重建或免疫抑制的降低对于艾滋病患者和移植患者的治疗至关重要。鉴于疾病的重要负担，治疗选择的这种局限性带来了重大的公共卫生挑战。将针对其他适应症开发的药物重新用于隐孢子虫病治疗以及开发针对新靶点的抑制剂为改进治疗带来了希望，但尚无药物进入临床研究阶段。
