Valverde-Villegas Jacqueline María, Matte Maria Cristina Cotta, de Medeiros Rúbia Marília, Chies José Artur Bogo
Immunogenetics Laboratory, Genetics Department, Genetics and Molecular Biology Post-Graduate Program, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43323, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
J Immunol Res. 2015;2015:647916. doi: 10.1155/2015/647916. Epub 2015 Oct 19.
Treg and Th17 cell subsets are characterized by the expression of specific transcriptional factors and chemokine receptor as well as by secretion of specific cytokine and chemokines. These subsets are important to the differentiation, expansion, homing capacity, and recruitment of several different immune cell populations to the site of infection. Whereas Treg cells maintain self-tolerance and control the activation and expansion of autoreactive CD4(+) T effector cells through an anti-inflammatory response, Th17 cells, in an exacerbated unregulated proinflammatory response, can promote autoimmunity. Despite such apparently opposite functions, Th17 and Treg cells share common characteristics, and their differentiation pathways are interconnected. Recent studies have revealed quite intricate relations between Treg and Th17 cells in HIV infection and progression to AIDS. Considering Treg cells, different subsets were already investigated in the context of HIV infection, indicating a fluctuation in the total number and frequency throughout the disease course. This review focuses on the recent findings regarding the role of regulatory T and Th17 cells in the context of HIV infection, highlighting the importance of the balance between these two subsets on disease progression.
调节性T细胞（Treg）和辅助性T细胞17（Th17）亚群的特征在于特定转录因子和趋化因子受体的表达，以及特定细胞因子和趋化因子的分泌。这些亚群对于几种不同免疫细胞群体向感染部位的分化、扩增、归巢能力和募集很重要。虽然Treg细胞维持自身耐受性并通过抗炎反应控制自身反应性CD4(+) T效应细胞的激活和扩增，但Th17细胞在加剧的不受调控的促炎反应中可促进自身免疫。尽管功能明显相反，但Th17细胞和Treg细胞具有共同特征，且它们的分化途径相互关联。最近的研究揭示了HIV感染及进展为艾滋病过程中Treg细胞和Th17细胞之间相当复杂的关系。就Treg细胞而言，已经在HIV感染背景下研究了不同亚群，表明在整个疾病过程中总数和频率存在波动。本综述重点关注调节性T细胞和Th17细胞在HIV感染背景下作用的最新发现，强调这两个亚群之间的平衡对疾病进展的重要性。
