Bassal Ravit, Ovadia Adi, Bromberg Michal, Stein Michal, Shainberg Bracha, Loewenthal Shulamit, Somekh Eli, Cohen Daniel, Shohat Tamy
From the *Israel Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Israel; †Sackler Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University, Israel; ‡Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel; §Central Laboratory, Maccabi Health Services, Rehovot, Israel; and ¶Central Laboratory, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel. Both R.B. and A.O contributed equally to this work.
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2016 Mar;35(3):249-52. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000000989.
Campylobacter spp. has been identified as one of the leading causes of bacterial gastroenteritis in the world. In recent years, an increase in the incidence of campylobacteriosis in several countries, including Israel, was demonstrated. The incidence rate of campylobacteriosis in Israel increased from 22.3 per 100,000 in 1997 to 77.4 per 100,000 in 2009. The aim of this study was to explore risk factors for sporadic infection with Campylobacter among young children in Israel.
A matched case-control study was performed to investigate risk factors for sporadic Campylobacter infection among 113 affected children of 1-5 years of age and 113 age-matched, gender-matched and neighborhood-matched controls. Information about exposure to potential risk factors was obtained via telephone interview and was evaluated by conditional logistic regression analysis.
In the multivariable model, for each additional chicken meal consumed during the week before the onset of illness, the odds for Campylobacter infection increased by 32% [adjusted matched odds ratios (aMOR): 1.32; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.72; P = 0.04], whereas consumption of fruits and vegetables decreased the odds for Campylobacter infection by 97% (aMOR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.00-0.28; P < 0.01), and for each additional child living in the household, the odds for infection decreased by 48% (aMOR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.33-0.83; P < 0.01). Using diaper increased the odds for campylobacteriosis (aMOR: 7.36; 95% CI: 1.66-32.70; P < 0.01).
Interventions that focus on proper handling of chicken and chicken products, hand washing and encouraging consumption of fruits and vegetables could help in controlling Campylobacter infections.
弯曲杆菌属已被确定为全球细菌性肠胃炎的主要病因之一。近年来，包括以色列在内的多个国家弯曲杆菌病的发病率有所上升。以色列弯曲杆菌病的发病率从1997年的每10万人22.3例增至2009年的每10万人77.4例。本研究的目的是探究以色列幼儿散发性弯曲杆菌感染的风险因素。
开展一项匹配病例对照研究，以调查113名1至5岁受影响儿童及113名年龄、性别和社区匹配的对照儿童散发性弯曲杆菌感染的风险因素。通过电话访谈获取有关潜在风险因素暴露的信息，并采用条件逻辑回归分析进行评估。
在多变量模型中，发病前一周每多食用一顿鸡肉餐，弯曲杆菌感染几率增加32%[调整匹配比值比（aMOR）：1.32；95%置信区间（CI）：1.01 - 1.72；P = 0.04]，而食用水果和蔬菜使弯曲杆菌感染几率降低97%（aMOR：0.03；95% CI：0.00 - 0.28；P < 0.01），家庭中每多一名儿童，感染几率降低48%（aMOR：0.52；95% CI：0.33 - 0.83；P < 0.01）。使用尿布会增加弯曲杆菌病感染几率（aMOR：7.36；95% CI：1.66 - 32.70；P < 0.01）。
专注于正确处理鸡肉及鸡肉制品、洗手并鼓励食用水果和蔬菜的干预措施有助于控制弯曲杆菌感染。
