Xie Lili, Mao Mao, Zhou Liang, Jiang Bing
1 Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, China .
2 Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy, Institute for Human Genetics , UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, California.
Stem Cells Dev. 2016 Feb 1;25(3):203-13. doi: 10.1089/scd.2015.0278. Epub 2016 Jan 7.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have drawn worldwide attention of scientists and clinicians due to their ability to differentiate into other cell lineages, secrete paracrine factors, modulate inflammation and immunity, and also due to the effectiveness of MSCs in treating degenerative diseases. Recent studies have shown that, when cultured in spheroids, MSCs have greater differentiation ability, and increased anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory capacities compared with traditional two-dimensional (2D) cultures. Furthermore, spheroid MSCs can be used on scale-up productions in clinically relevant manufacturing platforms. Microvesicles (MVs) are small membranous vesicles that can transfer proteins, genetic materials, and lipids to cells. MVs derived from MSCs (MSC-MVs) are not only emerging as potent transfer agents for molecular information, but also are effective in a series of tissue repair and anti-tumor experiments. Therefore, both spheroid MSCs and MSC-MVs have great potential in experimental and clinical applications. In this review, the characteristics, therapeutic applications and potential clinical translational opportunities of spheroid MSCs and MSC-MVs were discussed.
间充质干细胞（MSCs）因其能够分化为其他细胞谱系、分泌旁分泌因子、调节炎症和免疫，以及在治疗退行性疾病方面的有效性，而引起了全球科学家和临床医生的关注。最近的研究表明，与传统的二维（2D）培养相比，当在球体中培养时，间充质干细胞具有更强的分化能力，以及增强的抗炎和免疫调节能力。此外，球体间充质干细胞可用于临床相关制造平台的扩大生产。微泡（MVs）是小的膜泡，能够将蛋白质、遗传物质和脂质转移到细胞中。源自间充质干细胞的微泡（MSC-MVs）不仅作为分子信息的有效传递剂而崭露头角，而且在一系列组织修复和抗肿瘤实验中也很有效。因此，球体间充质干细胞和MSC-MVs在实验和临床应用中都具有巨大潜力。在这篇综述中，讨论了球体间充质干细胞和MSC-MVs的特性、治疗应用和潜在的临床转化机会。
