Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia.
M.M. Shemyakin-Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jan 24;22(3):1142. doi: 10.3390/ijms22031142.
The prevention and control of infectious diseases is crucial to the maintenance and protection of social and public healthcare. The global impact of SARS-CoV-2 has demonstrated how outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging infections can lead to pandemics of significant public health and socio-economic burden. Vaccination is one of the most effective approaches to protect against infectious diseases, and to date, multiple vaccines have been successfully used to protect against and eradicate both viral and bacterial pathogens. The main criterion of vaccine efficacy is the induction of specific humoral and cellular immune responses, and it is well established that immunogenicity depends on the type of vaccine as well as the route of delivery. In addition, antigen delivery to immune organs and the site of injection can potentiate efficacy of the vaccine. In light of this, microvesicles have been suggested as potential vehicles for antigen delivery as they can carry various immunogenic molecules including proteins, nucleic acids and polysaccharides directly to target cells. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms of microvesicle biogenesis and the role of microvesicles in infectious diseases. Further, we discuss the application of microvesicles as a novel and effective vaccine delivery system.
传染病的预防和控制对于维护和保护社会和公共卫生保健至关重要。SARS-CoV-2 的全球影响表明，新出现和再现的传染病爆发如何导致重大公共卫生和社会经济负担的大流行。疫苗接种是预防传染病最有效的方法之一，迄今为止，已经成功使用多种疫苗来预防和消除病毒和细菌病原体。疫苗功效的主要标准是诱导特定的体液和细胞免疫反应，并且已经确立免疫原性取决于疫苗的类型以及给药途径。此外，抗原递送至免疫器官和注射部位可以增强疫苗的功效。有鉴于此，微泡已被提议作为抗原递送的潜在载体，因为它们可以直接将各种免疫原性分子（包括蛋白质、核酸和多糖）递送至靶细胞。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了微泡生物发生的机制以及微泡在传染病中的作用。此外，我们还讨论了微泡作为新型有效疫苗递送系统的应用。
