Porter R H, Blaustein A R
Sci Prog. 1989;73(289 Pt 1):53-66.
Kin recognition, which can be inferred from differential interactions amongst close relatives as compared to unrelated conspecifics, has been documented in a wide range of vertebrates and invertebrates. Kin may be discriminated by phenotypic traits (signatures) that are genetically mediated, acquired from the environment, or arise from an interaction between these two sources. The developmental mechanisms underlying recognition of relatives (or their signatures) include direct contact and familiarization, indirect familiarity (whereby previously unencountered individuals are recognized by their resemblance to familiar kin) and hypothetical recognition alleles. The biological significance and mediating mechanisms of kin recognition vary across species according to their ecology and natural history. To illustrate this point, the results of laboratory and field studies of larvae of several species of toads and frogs are reviewed.
亲缘识别可以从近亲之间与非亲缘同种个体相比的差异互动中推断出来，在广泛的脊椎动物和无脊椎动物中都有记载。亲缘个体可以通过由基因介导、从环境中习得或由这两种来源之间的相互作用产生的表型特征（信号）来区分。识别亲属（或其信号）背后的发育机制包括直接接触和熟悉、间接熟悉（即通过与熟悉的亲属相似来识别以前未遇到过的个体）以及假设的识别等位基因。亲缘识别的生物学意义和介导机制因物种的生态和自然历史而异。为了说明这一点，本文回顾了几种蟾蜍和青蛙幼虫的实验室和野外研究结果。
