Saponaro Chiara, Gaggini Melania, Carli Fabrizia, Gastaldelli Amalia
Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, via Moruzzi, 1 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
Nutrients. 2015 Nov 13;7(11):9453-74. doi: 10.3390/nu7115475.
Excessive accumulation of lipids can lead to lipotoxicity, cell dysfunction and alteration in metabolic pathways, both in adipose tissue and peripheral organs, like liver, heart, pancreas and muscle. This is now a recognized risk factor for the development of metabolic disorders, such as obesity, diabetes, fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The causes for lipotoxicity are not only a high fat diet but also excessive lipolysis, adipogenesis and adipose tissue insulin resistance. The aims of this review are to investigate the subtle balances that underlie lipolytic, lipogenic and oxidative pathways, to evaluate critical points and the complexities of these processes and to better understand which are the metabolic derangements resulting from their imbalance, such as type 2 diabetes and non alcoholic fatty liver disease.
脂质的过度积累会导致脂毒性、细胞功能障碍以及脂肪组织和外周器官（如肝脏、心脏、胰腺和肌肉）代谢途径的改变。现在，这是肥胖、糖尿病、脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）、心血管疾病（CVD）和肝细胞癌（HCC）等代谢紊乱发展的一个公认风险因素。脂毒性的原因不仅是高脂肪饮食，还包括过度的脂肪分解、脂肪生成和脂肪组织胰岛素抵抗。本综述的目的是研究脂解、脂肪生成和氧化途径背后的微妙平衡，评估这些过程的关键点和复杂性，并更好地理解由它们的失衡导致的代谢紊乱，如2型糖尿病和非酒精性脂肪性肝病。
