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甲钴胺中钴-甲基键的解离:基于密度泛函理论和完全重整化耦合簇计算的新基准分析。

The Cobalt-Methyl Bond Dissociation in Methylcobalamin: New Benchmark Analysis Based on Density Functional Theory and Completely Renormalized Coupled-Cluster Calculations.

作者信息

Kozlowski Pawel M, Kumar Manoj, Piecuch Piotr, Li Wei, Bauman Nicholas P, Hansen Jared A, Lodowski Piotr, Jaworska Maria

机构信息

Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook St., Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States.

Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.

出版信息

J Chem Theory Comput. 2012 Jun 12;8(6):1870-94. doi: 10.1021/ct300170y. Epub 2012 May 4.

Abstract

The Co-CMe bond dissociation in methylcobalamin (MeCbl), modeled by the Im-[Co(III)corrin]-Me(+) system consisting of 58 atoms, is examined using the coupled-cluster (CC), density-functional theory (DFT), complete-active-space self-consistent-field (CASSCF), and CASSCF-based second-order perturbation theory (CASPT2) approaches. The multilevel variant of the local cluster-in-molecule framework, employing the completely renormalized (CR) CC method with singles, doubles, and noniterative triples, termed CR-CC(2,3), to describe higher-order electron correlation effects in the region where the Co-CMe bond breaking takes place, and the canonical CC approach with singles and doubles (CCSD) to capture the remaining correlation effects, abbreviated as CR-CC(2,3)/CCSD, is used to obtain the benchmark potential energy curve characterizing the Co-CMe dissociation in the MeCbl cofactor. The Co-CMe bond dissociation energy (BDE) resulting from the CR-CC(2,3)/CCSD calculations for the Im-[Co(III)corrin]-Me(+) system using the 6-31G* basis set, corrected for the zero-point energies (ZPEs) and the effect of replacing the 6-31G* basis by 6-311++G**, is about 38 kcal/mol, in excellent agreement with the experimental values characterizing MeCbl of 37 ± 3 and 36 ± 4 kcal/mol. Of all DFT functionals examined, the best dissociation energies and the most accurate description of the Co-CMe bond breaking in the Im-[Co(III)corrin]-Me(+) system are provided by B97-D and BP86 corrected for dispersion using the D3 correction of Grimme et al., which give 35 and 40 kcal/mol, respectively, when the 6-311++G** basis set is employed and when the results are corrected for ZPEs and basis set superposition error. None of the other DFT approaches examined provide results that fall into the experimental range of the Co-CMe dissociation energies in MeCbl of 32-40 kcal/mol. The hybrid DFT functionals with a substantial amount of the Hartree-Fock (HF) exchange, such as B3LYP, considerably underestimate the calculated dissociation energies, with the magnitude of the error being proportional to the percentage of the HF exchange in the functional. It is argued that the overstabilization of diradical structures that emerge as the Co-CMe bond is broken and, to some extent, the neglect of dispersion interactions at shorter Co-CMe distances, postulated in previous studies, are the main factors that explain the substantial underestimation of the Co-CMe BDE by B3LYP and other hybrid functionals. Our calculations suggest that CASSCF and CASPT2 may have difficulties with providing a reliable description of the Co-CMe bond breaking in MeCbl, since using adequate active spaces is prohibitively expensive.

摘要

通过由58个原子组成的Im-[Co(III)corrin]-Me(+)体系对甲基钴胺素(MeCbl)中的Co-CMe键解离进行了研究,采用了耦合簇(CC)、密度泛函理论(DFT)、完全活性空间自洽场(CASSCF)以及基于CASSCF的二阶微扰理论(CASPT2)方法。局部分子内簇框架的多水平变体,采用完全重整化(CR)的含单、双激发以及非迭代三激发的CC方法(称为CR-CC(2,3))来描述Co-CMe键断裂区域的高阶电子相关效应,并用含单、双激发的正则CC方法(CCSD)来捕捉其余的相关效应,简称为CR-CC(2,3)/CCSD,用于获得表征MeCbl辅因子中Co-CMe解离的基准势能曲线。使用6-基组通过CR-CC(2,3)/CCSD计算得到的Im-[Co(III)corrin]-Me(+)体系的Co-CMe键解离能(BDE),经零点能(ZPE)校正以及将6-基组替换为6-311++G的影响校正后,约为38 kcal/mol,与表征MeCbl的实验值37±3和36±4 kcal/mol非常吻合。在所有研究的DFT泛函中,通过使用Grimme等人的D3校正进行色散校正的B97-D和BP86,能为Im-[Co(III)corrin]-Me(+)体系提供最佳的解离能以及对Co-CMe键断裂最准确的描述,当采用6-311++G基组且结果经ZPE和基组叠加误差校正后,它们分别给出35和40 kcal/mol。所研究的其他DFT方法均未给出落入MeCbl中Co-CMe解离能实验范围32 - 40 kcal/mol的结果。具有大量Hartree-Fock(HF)交换的杂化DFT泛函,如B3LYP,会显著低估计算得到的解离能,误差大小与泛函中HF交换的百分比成正比。有人认为,先前研究中假设的随着Co-CMe键断裂出现的双自由基结构的过度稳定化以及在较短Co-CMe距离下对色散相互作用的某种程度的忽略,是解释B3LYP和其他杂化泛函对Co-CMe BDE显著低估的主要因素。我们的计算表明,CASSCF和CASPT2可能难以可靠地描述MeCbl中Co-CMe键的断裂,因为使用合适的活性空间成本过高。

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