Spence Dennis L, Han Tony, McGuire Jason, Couture Darren
J Perianesth Nurs. 2015 Dec;30(6):528-545. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2014.07.014. Epub 2015 Sep 1.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic condition of upper airway obstruction during sleep. It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality and increases the perioperative risks of surgical patients. Thus, it is essential that perianesthesia nurses understand how to identify and manage patients with known or suspected OSA. This continuing education article will review the pathophysiology of OSA, discuss the effects of anesthesia and opioids on the sleep architecture of the OSA patients, describe the effects of OSA on postoperative complications, review the latest evidence on screening for undiagnosed OSA in the adult surgical patient, and review the perioperative management principles for patients with OSA.
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）是一种睡眠期间上呼吸道阻塞的慢性疾病。它与显著的发病率和死亡率相关，并增加手术患者的围手术期风险。因此，麻醉后护理人员必须了解如何识别和管理已知或疑似患有OSA的患者。这篇继续教育文章将回顾OSA的病理生理学，讨论麻醉和阿片类药物对OSA患者睡眠结构的影响，描述OSA对术后并发症的影响，回顾成人手术患者未诊断OSA筛查的最新证据，并回顾OSA患者的围手术期管理原则。
