Verna Carlalberta
Front Oral Biol. 2016;18:28-35. doi: 10.1159/000351897. Epub 2015 Nov 24.
The regional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP) is a tissue reaction to a noxious stimulus that increases the healing capacities of the affected tissues. It is typical not only of hard tissues such as bone and cartilage, but also of soft tissues. The RAP is characterized by acceleration of the normal cellular activities, as an 'SOS' phenomenon of the body that has to respond to the new perturbation. In the alveolar bone, the RAP is characterized, at a cellular level, by increased activation of the basic multicellular units (BMUs), thereby increasing the remodeling space. At the tissue level, the RAP is characterized by the production of woven bone, with the typical unorganized pattern, that will be reorganized into lamellar bone at a later stage. In the alveolar bone, the RAP occurs typically in the healing process of the alveolar sockets after tooth extraction, in periodontal disease, after surgery and trauma and during orthodontic tooth movement. In relation to orthodontic tooth movement, the RAP can be seen as a tissue response to the mechanical cyclical perturbation that induces the formation of microdamage that has to be removed to avoid their accumulation and the following bone failure. The adaptation to the new orthodontically induced mechanical environment is ensured by an increased activation of the BMU that returns to normal levels after few months.
区域加速现象（RAP）是机体对有害刺激的一种组织反应，可增强受影响组织的愈合能力。它不仅在骨和软骨等硬组织中很典型，在软组织中也很常见。RAP的特征是正常细胞活动加速，这是机体对新扰动做出反应的一种“紧急求救”现象。在牙槽骨中，RAP在细胞水平上的特征是基本多细胞单元（BMU）的激活增加，从而增加重塑空间。在组织水平上，RAP的特征是产生编织骨，呈典型的无组织模式，后期会重新组织成板层骨。在牙槽骨中，RAP通常发生在拔牙后牙槽窝的愈合过程、牙周疾病、手术和创伤后以及正畸牙齿移动期间。关于正畸牙齿移动，RAP可被视为组织对机械性周期性扰动的反应，这种扰动会导致微损伤的形成，必须将其消除以避免积累及随后的骨破坏。通过增加BMU的激活来确保对正畸诱导的新机械环境的适应，几个月后BMU会恢复到正常水平。
