Sandberg Petra, Stigsdotter Neely Anna
a Department of Psychology , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden.
b The Graduate School of Population Dynamics and Public Policy , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden.
Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2016 Oct;26(5-6):761-82. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2015.1108205. Epub 2015 Nov 24.
Prior studies have examined the magnitude of training and transfer effects after process-based training in early and late adulthood. However, little is known about how long-lasting these effects are. Here we investigate the degree of stability of training gains and transfer effects in younger and older adults 18 months after completion of executive process training, tapping updating, inhibition, and shifting. From the original sample, 24 out of 30 older participants, and 19 out of 29 young adults, returned for follow-up assessment at which the criterion and transfer tests from pre- and post-test were re-administered. The results demonstrated stability of training gains in the updating criterion task (Letter Memory Running Span), and in a near transfer updating task (Number Memory Running Span) for both age groups. The young adults improved performance in two complex working memory tasks immediately after training. These transfer effects did not survive across time. Our results provide evidence that executive process training has its greatest effect on transfer tasks with a substantial process overlap with the trained tasks: only those effects are maintained over an 18 month period in both early and late adulthood.
先前的研究已经考察了成年早期和晚期基于过程的训练后的训练效果和迁移效果的程度。然而，对于这些效果能持续多久却知之甚少。在此，我们调查了在执行过程训练完成18个月后，年轻和年长成年人训练收益和迁移效果的稳定程度，该训练涉及更新、抑制和转换。在最初的样本中，30名年长参与者中有24名，29名年轻成年人中有19名返回接受随访评估，在随访中重新进行了测试前和测试后的标准测试及迁移测试。结果表明，两个年龄组在更新标准任务（字母记忆连续广度）和一个近迁移更新任务（数字记忆连续广度）中的训练收益具有稳定性。年轻成年人在训练后立即在两项复杂工作记忆任务中提高了表现。这些迁移效果并没有随着时间持续存在。我们的结果提供了证据，表明执行过程训练对与训练任务有大量过程重叠的迁移任务有最大影响：只有这些效果在成年早期和晚期都能在18个月的时间内得以维持。
