Sinha A K, Gollapudi B B, Linscombe V A, McClintock M L
Lake Jackson Research Center, Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, TX 77541.
Mutagenesis. 1989 Mar;4(2):147-53. doi: 10.1093/mutage/4.2.147.
In vitro cytogenetic assays are widely conducted to assess the mutagenic potential of chemicals. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells or human lymphocytes are often used for these assays; however, these cell types have certain limitations. In order to evaluate an alternate cell system, cultured rat lymphocytes were treated for 4 h at 48 h of incubation with a variety of direct- and indirect-acting clastogens in the presence or absence of an exogenous mammalian activation system. Cytogenetic effects of in vitro physiological alterations such as medium hypertonicity or pH changes were also evaluated. The background aberration rate of rat lymphocytes is approximately 2%, and they respond positively to both direct- and indirect-acting clastogens. In contrast to CHO cells, however, neither the hyperosmolality nor pH changes in the treatment media have significant effect on background aberrations. Unlike samples of human blood, rat blood can be collected under well-controlled environmental conditions. Because of the easy access to rat blood samples, the simplicity of culture, the reproducible nature of its in vitro growth, the positive response to known clastogens and negative response to media pH changes or hyperosmolalities, the rat lymphocyte in vitro chromosomal assay presented is an optimal system to assess the mutagenic potential of chemicals.
体外细胞遗传学检测被广泛用于评估化学物质的致突变潜力。这些检测通常使用中国仓鼠卵巢（CHO）细胞或人淋巴细胞；然而，这些细胞类型存在一定局限性。为了评估一种替代细胞系统，在培养48小时后，将培养的大鼠淋巴细胞与多种直接和间接作用的断裂剂在有或无外源性哺乳动物激活系统的情况下处理4小时。还评估了体外生理变化如培养基高渗或pH变化的细胞遗传学效应。大鼠淋巴细胞的背景畸变率约为2%，它们对直接和间接作用的断裂剂均有阳性反应。然而，与CHO细胞不同的是，处理培养基中的高渗或pH变化对背景畸变均无显著影响。与人类血液样本不同，大鼠血液可以在严格控制的环境条件下采集。由于大鼠血液样本易于获取、培养简单、体外生长具有可重复性、对已知断裂剂有阳性反应且对培养基pH变化或高渗无阴性反应，所呈现的大鼠淋巴细胞体外染色体检测是评估化学物质致突变潜力的最佳系统。
