Drack Manfred, Pouvreau David
Department of Theoretical Biology, University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria ; Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science , Vienna , Austria.
Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science , Vienna , Austria ; Department of Philosophy, University of Toulouse II , Toulouse , France.
Int J Gen Syst. 2015 Jul 4;44(5):523-571. doi: 10.1080/03081079.2014.1000642. Epub 2015 Feb 23.
Bertalanffy's so-called "general system theory" (GST) and cybernetics were and are often confused: this calls for clarification. In this article, Bertalanffy's conceptions and ideas are compared with those developed in cybernetics in order to investigate the differences and convergences. Bertalanffy was concerned with first order cybernetics. Nonetheless, his perspectivist epistemology is also relevant with regard to developments in second order cybernetics, and the latter is therefore also considered to some extent. W. Ross Ashby's important role as mediator between GST and cybernetics is analysed. The respective basic epistemological approaches, scientific approaches and inherent world views are discussed. We underline the complementarity of cybernetic and "organismic" trends in systems research within the unitary hermeneutical framework of "general systemology".
贝塔朗菲所谓的“一般系统论”（GST）与控制论时常被混淆，过去如此，现在依然如此：这需要予以澄清。在本文中，将贝塔朗菲的概念和思想与控制论中所发展出的概念和思想进行比较，以探究两者的差异与趋同之处。贝塔朗菲关注的是一阶控制论。尽管如此，他的视角主义认识论对于二阶控制论的发展也具有相关性，因此在一定程度上也会对二阶控制论加以考量。分析了W. 罗斯·阿什比在一般系统论与控制论之间作为调解者的重要作用。讨论了各自的基本认识论方法、科学方法以及内在世界观。我们强调在“一般系统学”这一统一的解释学框架内，控制论与系统研究中“有机论”趋势的互补性。
