Department of Anaesthesia, Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Anaesthesia. 2016 Jan;71 Suppl 1:58-63. doi: 10.1111/anae.13308.
Cognition may decline after surgery. Postoperative delirium, especially when hyperactive, may be easily recognised, whereas cognitive dysfunction is subtle and can only be detected using neuropsychological tests. The causes for these two conditions are largely unknown, although they share risk factors, the predominant one being age. Ignorance of the causes for postoperative cognitive dysfunction contributes to the difficulty of conducting interventional studies. Postoperative cognitive disorders are associated with increased mortality and permanent disability. Peri-operative interventions can reduce the rate of delirium in the elderly, but in spite of promising findings in animal experiments, no intervention reduces postoperative cognitive dysfunction in humans.
手术后认知能力可能会下降。术后谵妄，特别是活跃型，可能很容易被识别，而认知功能障碍则比较隐匿，只能通过神经心理学测试来检测。这两种情况的病因尚不清楚，尽管它们有共同的危险因素，主要的危险因素是年龄。对术后认知功能障碍病因的不了解，导致了进行干预性研究的困难。术后认知障碍与死亡率和永久性残疾增加有关。围手术期干预可以降低老年人谵妄的发生率，但尽管在动物实验中取得了有希望的结果，没有干预措施可以减少人类的术后认知功能障碍。
