Ewart A, Popple L W, Marshall D C
Entomology Section, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101.; Email:
Biodiversity Assessment and Management, PO Box 1376, Cleveland, Queensland 4163.; Email:
Zootaxa. 2015 Aug 20;4001:1-65. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4001.1.1.
In 2012, Moulds established the morphologically similar cicada genera Simona and Chelapsalta, each with one Australian species (sancta Distant and puer Walker, respectively). In this paper, two new species are described within the genus Simona Moulds 2012, S. erema sp. nov. and S. retracta sp. nov., and one within the genus Chelapsalta Moulds 2012, C. myoporae sp. nov. The type species of Simona (female holotype), S. sancta (Distant, 1913), is redescribed based on a contemporary male, nominated a plesiotype, held in the Australian National Insect Collection. Melampsalta subgulosa Ashton 1914 is supported as a junior synonym of S. sancta. The species within the two genera of Simona and Chelapsalta are morphologically very similar. S. erema occurs widely through the arid regions of inland Australia, extending west from western Queensland through the Northern Territory, to central-western Western Australia, a linear distance of approximately 2200 km. S. retracta is known from a single semi-arid locality in southern inland Queensland. C. myoporae occurs widely through southeast, central and southwest Queensland, extending southwards into inland and western N.S.W. and southeastern South Australia. It tends to occur most commonly within vegetation associated with seasonal riverine floodplains, and in some areas of poorly drained and clay-rich soils. The calling songs of these three species, together with those of S. sancta and C. puer, are described. Detailed comparisons made of the songs of S. erema and C. myoporae, each from three widely separated locations, clearly exhibit structural consistency in their calling songs across their distributions. The Simona songs are complex and contain multiple elements; the species are very mobile and wary, and inhabit low dense shrubland. The songs of the two Chelapsalta species, both relatively sedentary in behaviour, in contrast consist of relatively uniform chirping and buzzing elements. It is suggested that, although the two genera are morphologically similar, the calling songs, behaviour and habitats do distinguish them, at least as represented by these species documented. MaxEnt modeling of the species climatic envelope for the widely distributed species Simona erema suggests an association with summer-peak rainfall and diurnal temperature range. Modeling under estimated conditions of the Last Glacial Maximum (22 ky) suggests the possibility of an even more widespread distribution at that time.
2012年，莫尔兹划分出形态相似的蝉属西蒙娜蝉属（Simona）和螯蝉属（Chelapsalta），每个属各有一个澳大利亚物种（分别为圣地西蒙娜蝉（Simona sancta，迪斯坦特命名）和普埃尔螯蝉（Chelapsalta puer，沃克命名））。本文描述了西蒙娜蝉属2012年的两个新物种，即埃雷马西蒙娜蝉（S. erema sp. nov.）和内缩西蒙娜蝉（S. retracta sp. nov.），以及螯蝉属2012年的一个新物种，即近视螯蝉（C. myoporae sp. nov.）。基于保存在澳大利亚国家昆虫收藏馆的一只当代雄性蝉，重新描述了西蒙娜蝉属的模式种（雌性正模）圣地西蒙娜蝉（S. sancta (Distant, 1913)），并指定其为近模标本。1914年阿什顿命名的亚喉美蝉属（Melampsalta）的亚喉美蝉（Melampsalta subgulosa）被认定为圣地西蒙娜蝉的次异名。西蒙娜蝉属和螯蝉属的物种在形态上非常相似。埃雷马西蒙娜蝉广泛分布于澳大利亚内陆的干旱地区，从昆士兰州西部向西延伸，穿过北领地，直至西澳大利亚州中西部，直线距离约2200公里。内缩西蒙娜蝉仅在昆士兰州南部内陆的一个半干旱地区被发现。近视螯蝉广泛分布于昆士兰州东南部、中部和西南部，向南延伸至新南威尔士州内陆和西部以及南澳大利亚州东南部。它最常出现在与季节性河流泛滥平原相关的植被中，以及一些排水不良和富含粘土的土壤地区。描述了这三个物种以及圣地西蒙娜蝉和普埃尔螯蝉的鸣声。对分别来自三个相距甚远地点的埃雷马西蒙娜蝉和近视螯蝉的鸣声进行了详细比较，清楚地表明它们在分布范围内的鸣声结构具有一致性。西蒙娜蝉属的鸣声复杂，包含多个元素；这些物种非常活跃且警觉，栖息在低矮茂密的灌木丛中。相比之下，螯蝉属的两个物种行为相对固定，其鸣声由相对统一的啁啾声和嗡嗡声元素组成。研究表明，尽管这两个属在形态上相似，但鸣声、行为和栖息地确实使它们有所区别，至少从这里记录的这些物种来看是这样。对广泛分布的物种埃雷马西蒙娜蝉的物种气候包络进行的最大熵建模表明，它与夏季降雨峰值和昼夜温度范围有关。在末次盛冰期（22000年前）的估计条件下进行的建模表明，当时它有可能分布得更为广泛。
