Almolda Beatriz, González Berta, Castellano Bernardo
Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Facultat de Medicina, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra, Spain.
Front Cell Neurosci. 2015 Nov 16;9:440. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00440. eCollection 2015.
The infiltration of immune cells in the central nervous system is a common hallmark in different neuroinflammatory conditions. Accumulating evidence indicates that resident glial cells can establish a cross-talk with infiltrated immune cells, including T-cells, regulating their recruitment, activation and function within the CNS. Although the healthy CNS has been thought to be devoid of professional dendritic cells (DCs), numerous studies have reported the presence of a population of DCs in specific locations such as the meninges, choroid plexuses and the perivascular space. Moreover, the infiltration of DC precursors during neuroinflammatory situations has been proposed, suggesting a putative role of these cells in the regulation of lymphocyte activity within the CNS. On the other hand, under specific circumstances, microglial cells are able to acquire a phenotype of DC expressing a wide range of molecules that equip these cells with all the necessary machinery for communication with T-cells. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the expression of molecules involved in the cross-talk with T-cells in both microglial cells and DCs and discuss the potential contribution of each of these cell populations on the control of lymphocyte function within the CNS.
免疫细胞浸润中枢神经系统是不同神经炎症性疾病的一个常见特征。越来越多的证据表明，驻留神经胶质细胞可与浸润的免疫细胞（包括T细胞）建立相互作用，调节它们在中枢神经系统内的募集、激活和功能。尽管健康的中枢神经系统一直被认为缺乏专职树突状细胞（DC），但大量研究报告称，在特定位置（如脑膜、脉络丛和血管周围间隙）存在一群DC。此外，有人提出在神经炎症情况下DC前体的浸润，这表明这些细胞在调节中枢神经系统内淋巴细胞活性方面可能发挥作用。另一方面，在特定情况下，小胶质细胞能够获得DC表型，表达多种分子，使这些细胞具备与T细胞通信所需的所有必要机制。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前关于小胶质细胞和DC中与T细胞相互作用相关分子表达的知识，并讨论了这些细胞群各自对控制中枢神经系统内淋巴细胞功能的潜在贡献。
